Dataset Information

Parental and Child Self-Efficacy Explaining Food Intake through Self-Regulation: A Dyadic Prospective Study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

According to social cognitive theory and socio-ecological models, self-efficacy and temptation-related self-regulation (the use of distraction or suppression) are modifiable predictors of health behaviors, such as food intake. Yet, there is limited evidence explaining how these factors are interlinked among parent-child dyads. This study investigated indirect effects of parental and child self-efficacy on food intake, via parental and child self-regulation.

Methods

The prospective study (the baseline [T1] and the 10-month follow-up [T2]) enrolled 924 parent-child dyads (1,848 individuals; 54.3% girls, aged 5-11 years, 88.9% mothers). Dyads were interviewed or completed self-report measures. Path analyses with maximum likelihood estimation were conducted.

Results

Child self-efficacy and distraction (T1) mediated between parental self-efficacy (T1) and higher levels of child fruit and vegetable intake (T2). No significant mediating effects of suppression were found, nor indirect effects of parental self-efficacy (T1) on energy-dense food intake (T2).

Conclusion

Health promotion interventions aiming at changing fruit and vegetable intake among 5-11-year-old children should target enhancing parental and child self-efficacy that may facilitate the use of self-regulation and, in turn, healthy diet.

SUBMITTER: Zarychta K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7891348 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Parental and Child Self-Efficacy Explaining Food Intake through Self-Regulation: A Dyadic Prospective Study.

Zarychta Karolina K Banik Anna A Kulis Ewa E Lobczowska Karolina K

Applied psychology. Health and well-being 20200913 1

<h4>Background</h4>According to social cognitive theory and socio-ecological models, self-efficacy and temptation-related self-regulation (the use of distraction or suppression) are modifiable predictors of health behaviors, such as food intake. Yet, there is limited evidence explaining how these factors are interlinked among parent-child dyads. This study investigated indirect effects of parental and child self-efficacy on food intake, via parental and child self-regulation.<h4>Methods</h4>The ...[more]

PMID: 32924262

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Project description:Children with lower inhibitory control have greater weight gain over time and consume more snack food. Our goal was to test whether a pilot program based on enhancing self-regulation in preschool children could decrease consumption of energy-dense foods. Ninety-two preschool children were randomized to the intervention or control group. The intervention was a three-week, play-based program that focused on enhancing executive function skills and decreasing consumption of energy dense snack foods. Controls met for a similar length of time, but focused on dental hygiene, good sleep habits/routines, and physical activity. Primary outcome included calories consumed during the post-intervention "Eating in the Absence of Hunger" paradigm, controlling for baseline calories consumed. Inhibitory control was assessed using the "Day/Night" and "Less is More" tasks. There were no differences in post-intervention calories consumed between groups (p?=?0.42). However, post-hoc analysis revealed a significant interaction between group and weight status (p?=?0.04). In the intervention group, overweight/obese and healthy weight children consumed a similar number of calories (118.0?kcals vs. 124.1?kcals respectively, p?=?0.64). However, in the control group, overweight/obese children consumed more than normal weight children (155.9?kcals vs. 103.6?kcals respectively; p?=?0.01). With regards to inhibitory control, post-hoc analysis revealed a significant interaction between group and age (p?=?0.03), with younger children in the intervention group scoring higher than younger children in the control group (0.93 vs 0.78 respectively, p?=?0.007). No differences were observed between groups among older children (0.93 vs 0.96, p?=?0.42). These types of programs for preschool children may help to temper consumption of excess calories among overweight/obese children. Further development and investigation of pediatric programs that prevent consumption of excess calories are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02077387.

Project description:The prevalence of allergic diseases in children is markedly increasing to epidemic proportions. The aim of this study is to describe the presence and examine associated parental and child characteristics of allergic sensitization and physician-diagnosed allergy in Dutch children at age 10 years. This study among 5471 children was performed in a population-based prospective cohort from fetal life onwards. Allergic sensitization was measured by skin prick tests. Physician-diagnosed allergy and parental and child characteristics were collected by questionnaires. In children aged 10 years, inhalant and food allergic sensitization was present in 32.2% and 7.1%, and physician-diagnosed inhalant and food allergy in 12.4% and 2.3%. Maternal and paternal history of allergy, eczema or asthma was associated with increased risks of physician-diagnosed inhalant allergy (aOR (95% CI) 1.44 (1.23-1.70) and 1.59 (1.30-1.94), respectively), but not with food allergy. Asthma and eczema ever at age 10 years were associated with increased risks of physician-diagnosed inhalant allergy (4.60 (3.55-5.96) and 2.42 (1.94-3.03), respectively). Eczema ever at age 10 years was associated with an increased risk of physician-diagnosed food allergy (5.78, 3.04-9.52), with the highest risk of cashew (7.36, 3.20-16.94) and peanut (5.58, 3.08-10.10) food allergy.Conclusions: We found strong effects of parental history of allergy, eczema or asthma on the presence of physician-diagnosed inhalant allergy in children at age 10 years. Eczema ever at age 10 years was a strong risk factor for the development of physician-diagnosed inhalant and food allergy. What is Known: • The prevalence of allergic diseases in children has markedly increased. • Early-life influences are critically important in the development of allergic diseases. What is New: • Maternal and paternal history of allergy, eczema or asthma is associated with increased risks of physician-diagnosed inhalant allergy but not with food allergy. • Eczema ever at age 10 years is associated with an increased risk of physician-diagnosed food allergy, with the highest risk for cashew and peanut food allergy.

Dataset Information

Parental and Child Self-Efficacy Explaining Food Intake through Self-Regulation: A Dyadic Prospective Study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Parental and Child Self-Efficacy Explaining Food Intake through Self-Regulation: A Dyadic Prospective Study.

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