Dataset Information

Optical coherence tomography microscopy in experimental traumatic brain injury.

ABSTRACT: Worldwide elderly traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients tend to become an increasing burden to the society. Thus, a faster and less expensive way of evaluating TBI victims is needed. In the present study we investigated if optical coherence tomography (OCT) could be used as such a method. By using an animal model, we established if OCT can detect cortical changes in the acute phase of a penetrating TBI, in young (5-7 months) and old (20-22?months) rats. Due to the long-term evolution of TBI's, we wanted to investigate to what extent OCT could detect changes within the cortex in the chronic phase. Adult (7-12?months) male rats were used. Surprisingly, OCT imaging of the normal hemisphere was able to discriminate age-related differences in the mean gray values (MGV) of recorded pixels (p = .032). Furthermore, in the acute phase of TBI, OCT images recorded at 24?hr after the injury showed differences between the apparent damaged area of young and aged animals. Changes of MGV and skewness were only recorded 48?hr after injury. Monitoring the chronical evolution of the TBI with OCT revealed changes over time exceeding the normal range recorded for MGV, skewness and kurtosis, 14 and 21?days after TBI. Although in the present study we still used an extremely invasive approach, as technology improves, less invasive and non-harmful ways of recording OCT may allow for an objective way to detect changes within the brain structure after brain injuries.

SUBMITTER: Osiac E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7891427 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Optical coherence tomography microscopy in experimental traumatic brain injury.

Osiac Eugen E Mitran Smaranda Ioana SI Manea Cătălin Nicolae CN Cojocaru Alexandru A Rosu Gabriela-Camelia GC Osiac Mariana M Pirici Daniel Nicolae DN Bălșeanu Adrian Tudor AT Cătălin Bogdan B

Microscopy research and technique 20201003 3

Worldwide elderly traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients tend to become an increasing burden to the society. Thus, a faster and less expensive way of evaluating TBI victims is needed. In the present study we investigated if optical coherence tomography (OCT) could be used as such a method. By using an animal model, we established if OCT can detect cortical changes in the acute phase of a penetrating TBI, in young (5-7 months) and old (20-22 months) rats. Due to the long-term evolution of TBI's, w ...[more]

PMID: 33009699

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Project description:ImportanceMild traumatic brain injury (TBI) may predispose individuals to progressive neurodegeneration.ObjectiveTo identify evidence of neurodegeneration through longitudinal evaluation of changes in retinal layer thickness using optical coherence tomography in veterans with a history of mild TBI.Design, setting, and participantsThis longitudinal cohort study evaluated veterans who were receiving services at the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Symptomatic or mild TBI was diagnosed according to the Mayo TBI Severity Classification System. Participants in the age-matched control group had no history of TBI. Participants with any history or evidence of retinal or optic nerve disease that could affect retinal thickness were excluded. Data analysis was performed from July 2019 to February 2020.ExposuresThe presence and severity of mild TBI were determined through consensus review of self-report responses during the Minnesota Blast Exposure Screening Tool semistructured interview.Main outcomes and measuresChange over time of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.ResultsA total of 139 veterans (117 men [84%]; mean [SD] age, 49.9 [11.1] years) were included in the study, 69 in the TBI group and 70 in the control group. Veterans with mild TBI showed significantly greater RNFL thinning compared with controls (mean [SE] RNFL slope, -1.47 [0.24] μm/y vs -0.31 [0.32] μm/y; F1,122 = 8.42; P = .004; Cohen d = 0.52). Functionally, veterans with mild TBI showed greater declines in visual field mean deviation (mean [SE] slope, -0.09 [0.14] dB/y vs 0.46 [0.23] dB/y; F1,122 = 4.08; P = .046; Cohen d = 0.36) and pattern standard deviation (mean [SE] slope, 0.09 [0.06] dB/y vs -0.10 [0.07] dB/y; F1,122 = 4.78; P = .03; Cohen d = 0.39) and high spatial frequency (12 cycles/degree) contrast sensitivity compared with controls. Cognitively, there was a significantly greater decrease in the number of errors over time during the Groton Maze Learning Test (GMLT) in controls compared with veterans with mild TBI (mean [SE] slope, -9.30 [1.48] errors/y vs -5.23 [1.24] errors/y; F1,127 = 4.43; P = .04; Cohen d = 0.37). RNFL tissue loss was significantly correlated with both worsening performance on the GMLT over time (Spearman ρ = -0.20; P = .03) and mild TBI severity (Spearman ρ = -0.25; P = .006). The more severe the mild TBI (larger Minnesota Blast Exposure Screening Tool severity score), the faster the reduction in RNFL thickness (ie, the more negative the slope) across time.Conclusions and relevanceThis cohort study found longitudinal evidence for significant, progressive neural degeneration over time in veterans with mild TBI, as indicated by greater RNFL tissue loss in patients with mild TBI vs controls, as well as measures of function. These results suggest that these longitudinal measures may be useful biomarkers of neurodegeneration. Changes in this biomarker may provide early detection of subsequent cognitive and functional deficits that may impact veterans' independence and need for care.

Dataset Information

Optical coherence tomography microscopy in experimental traumatic brain injury.

Publications

Optical coherence tomography microscopy in experimental traumatic brain injury.

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