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Effect of Physical Training on Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Performance in Mice.

ABSTRACT: Acute exercise increases the amount of circulating inflammatory cells and cytokines to maintain physiological homeostasis. However, it remains unclear how physical training regulates exercise-induced inflammation and performance. Here, we demonstrate that acute high intensity exercise promotes an inflammatory profile characterized by increased blood IL-6 levels, neutrophil migratory capacity, and leukocyte recruitment to skeletal muscle vessels. Moreover, we found that physical training amplified leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction induced by acute exercise in skeletal muscle vessels and diminished exercise-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle tissue. Furthermore, we verified that disruption of the gp-91 subunit of NADPH-oxidase inhibited exercise-induced leukocyte recruitment on skeletal muscle after training with enhanced exercise time until fatigue. In conclusion, the training was related to physical improvement and immune adaptations. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be related to mechanisms to limit aerobic performance and its absence decreases the inflammatory response elicited by exercise after training.

SUBMITTER: de Barcellos LAM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7891665 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Physical Training on Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Performance in Mice.

de Barcellos Luiz Alexandre Medrado LAM Gonçalves William Antonio WA Esteves de Oliveira Marcos Paulo MP Guimarães Juliana Bohnen JB Queiroz-Junior Celso Martins CM de Resende Carolina Braga CB Russo Remo Castro RC Coimbra Cândido Celso CC Silva Albená Nunes AN Teixeira Mauro Martins MM Rezende Barbara Maximino BM Pinho Vanessa V

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 20210204

Acute exercise increases the amount of circulating inflammatory cells and cytokines to maintain physiological homeostasis. However, it remains unclear how physical training regulates exercise-induced inflammation and performance. Here, we demonstrate that acute high intensity exercise promotes an inflammatory profile characterized by increased blood IL-6 levels, neutrophil migratory capacity, and leukocyte recruitment to skeletal muscle vessels. Moreover, we found that physical training amplifie ...[more]

PMID: 33614655

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Project description:Pathological and physiological stimuli, including acute exercise, activate autophagy; however, it is unknown whether exercise training alters basal levels of autophagy and whether autophagy is required for skeletal muscle adaptation to training. We observed greater autophagy flux (i.e., a combination of increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and LC3-II levels and reduced p62 protein content indicating a higher rate of initiation and resolution of autophagic events), autophagy protein expression (i.e., Atg6/Beclin1, Atg7, and Atg8/LC3) and mitophagy protein Bnip3 expression in tonic, oxidative muscle compared to muscles of either mixed fiber types or of predominant glycolytic fibers in mice. Long-term voluntary running (4 wk) resulted in increased basal autophagy flux and expression of autophagy proteins and Bnip3 in parallel to mitochondrial biogenesis in plantaris muscle with mixed fiber types. Conversely, exercise training promoted autophagy protein expression with no significant increases of autophagy flux and mitochondrial biogenesis in the oxidative soleus muscle. We also observed increased basal autophagy flux and Bnip3 content without increases in autophagy protein expression in the plantaris muscle of sedentary muscle-specific Pgc-1? transgenic mice, a genetic model of augmented mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings reveal that endurance exercise training-induced increases in basal autophagy, including mitophagy, only take place if an enhanced oxidative phenotype is achieved. However, autophagy protein expression is mainly dictated by contractile activity independently of enhancements in oxidative phenotype. Exercise-trained mice heterozygous for the critical autophagy protein Atg6 showed attenuated increases of basal autophagy flux, mitochondrial content, and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle, along with impaired improvement of endurance capacity. These results demonstrate that increased basal autophagy is required for endurance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle adaptation and improvement of physical performance.

Project description:Rationale & objectiveThe safety and efficacy of long-term exercise training in reducing physical functional loss in older adults with advanced CKD and comorbidity is uncertain.Study designMulticenter, parallel group, randomized controlled trial.Settings & participantsAdults 55 years and older with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 15 to <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 enrolled from centers in Baltimore and Boston.InterventionTwelve months of in-center supervised exercise training incorporating majority aerobic but also muscle strengthening activities or a group health education control intervention, randomly assigned in 1:1 ratio.OutcomePrimary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness and submaximal gait at 6 and 12 months quantified by peak oxygen consumption (Vo2peak) on graded exercise treadmill test and distance walked on the 6-minute walk test, respectively. Secondary outcomes were changes in lower extremity function, eGFR, albuminuria, glycemia, blood pressure, and body mass index.ResultsAmong 99 participants, the mean age was 68 years, 62% were African American, and the mean eGFR was 33 mL/min/1.73 m2; 59% had diabetes, and 29% had coronary artery disease. Among those randomized to exercise, 59% of exercise sessions were attended in the initial 6 months. Exercise was well tolerated without excess occurrence of adverse events. At 6 months, aerobic capacity was higher among exercise participants (17.9 ± 5.5 vs 15.9 ± 7.0 mL/kg/min, P = 0.03), but the differences were not sustained at 12 months. The 6-minute walk distance improved more in the exercise group (adjusted difference: 98 feet [P = 0.02; P = 0.03 for treatment-by-time interaction]). The exercise group had greater improvements on the Timed Up and Go Test (P = 0.04) but not the Short Physical Performance Battery (P = 0.8).LimitationsPlanned sample size was not reached. Loss to follow-up and dropout were greater than anticipated.ConclusionsAmong adults aged ≥55 years with CKD stages 3b-4 and a high level of medical comorbidity, a 12-month program of in-center aerobic and resistance exercise training was safe and associated with improvements in physical functioning.FundingGovernment grants (National Institutes of Health).Trial registrationRegistered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT01462097.

Dataset Information

Effect of Physical Training on Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Performance in Mice.

Publications

Effect of Physical Training on Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Performance in Mice.

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