Effectiveness of interventions to reduce COVID-19 transmission in a large urban jail: a model-based analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

We aim to estimate the impact of various mitigation strategies on COVID-19 transmission in a US jail beyond those offered in national guidelines.

Design

We developed a stochastic dynamic transmission model of COVID-19.

Setting

One anonymous large urban US jail.

Participants

Several thousand staff and incarcerated individuals.

Interventions

There were four intervention phases during the outbreak: the start of the outbreak, depopulation of the jail, increased proportion of people in single cells and asymptomatic testing. These interventions were implemented incrementally and in concert with one another.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The basic reproduction ratio, R ₀ , in each phase, as estimated using the next generation method. The fraction of new cases, hospitalisations and deaths averted by these interventions (along with the standard measures of sanitisation, masking and social distancing interventions).

Results

For the first outbreak phase, the estimated R ₀ was 8.44 (95% credible interval (CrI): 5.00 to 13.10), and for the subsequent phases, R _{0,phase 2} =3.64 (95% CrI: 2.43 to 5.11), R _{0,phase 3} =1.72 (95% CrI: 1.40 to 2.12) and R _{0,phase 4} =0.58 (95% CrI: 0.43 to 0.75). In total, the jail's interventions prevented approximately 83% of projected cases, hospitalisations and deaths over 83 days.

Conclusions

Depopulation, single celling and asymptomatic testing within jails can be effective strategies to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in addition to standard public health measures. Decision makers should prioritise reductions in the jail population, single celling and testing asymptomatic populations as additional measures to manage COVID-19 within correctional settings.

SUBMITTER: Malloy GSP 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7893212 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature