Dataset Information

Imaging Sodium Dendrite Growth in All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries Using ²³ Na T₂ -Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

ABSTRACT: Two-dimensional, Knight-shifted, T₂ -contrasted ²³ Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an all-solid-state cell with a Na electrode and a ceramic electrolyte is employed to directly observe Na microstructural growth. A spalling dendritic morphology is observed and confirmed by more conventional post-mortem analysis; X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy. A significantly larger ²³ Na T₂ for the dendritic growth, compared with the bulk metal electrode, is attributed to increased sodium ion mobility in the dendrite. ²³ Na T₂ -contrast MRI of metallic sodium offers a clear, routine method for observing and isolating microstructural growths and can supplement the current suite of techniques utilised to analyse dendritic growth in all-solid-state cells.

SUBMITTER: Rees GJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7894568 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Imaging Sodium Dendrite Growth in All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries Using 23 Na T2 -Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Rees Gregory J GJ Spencer Jolly Dominic D Ning Ziyang Z Marrow T James TJ Pavlovskaya Galina E GE Bruce Peter G PG

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 20201124 4

Two-dimensional, Knight-shifted, T2 -contrasted 23 Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an all-solid-state cell with a Na electrode and a ceramic electrolyte is employed to directly observe Na microstructural growth. A spalling dendritic morphology is observed and confirmed by more conventional post-mortem analysis; X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy. A significantly larger 23 Na T2 for the dendritic growth, compared with the bulk meta ...[more]

PMID: 33022833

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Project description:PurposeTo capture the multiquantum coherence (MQC) 23 Na signal. Different phase-cycling options and sequences are compared in a unified theoretical layout, and a novel sequence is developed.MethodsAn open source simulation overview is provided with graphical explanations to facilitate MQC understanding and access to techniques. Biases such as B0 inhomogeneity and stimulated echo signal were simulated for 4 different phase-cycling options previously described. Considerations for efficiency and accuracy lead to the implementation of a 2D Cartesian single and triple quantum imaging of sodium (CRISTINA) sequence employing two 6-step cycles in combination with a multi-echo readout. CRISTINA was compared to simultaneous single-quantum and triple-quantum-filtered MRI of sodium (SISTINA) under strong static magnetic gradient. CRISTINA capabilities were assessed on 8 × 60 mL, 0% to 5% agarose phantom with 50 to 154 mM 23 Na concentration at 7 T. CRISTINA was demonstrated subsequently in vivo in the brain.ResultsSimulation of B0 inhomogeneity showed severe signal dropout, which can lead to erroneous MQC measurement. Stimulated echo signal was highest at the time of triple-quantum coherences signal maximum. However, stimulated echo signal is separated by Fourier Transform as an offset and did not interfere with MQC signals. The multi-echo readout enabled capturing both single-quantum coherences and triple-quantum coherences signal evolution at once. Signal combination of 2 phase-cycles with a corresponding B0 map was found to recover the signal optimally. Experimental results confirm and complement the simulations.ConclusionConsiderations for efficient MQC measurements, most importantly avoiding B0 signal loss, led to the design of CRISTINA. CRISTINA captures triple-quantum coherences and single-quantum coherences signal evolution to provide complete sodium signal characterization including T2∗ fast, T2∗ slow, MQC amplitudes, and sodium concentration.

Dataset Information

Imaging Sodium Dendrite Growth in All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries Using ²³ Na T₂ -Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Publications

Imaging Sodium Dendrite Growth in All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries Using <sup>23</sup> Na T<sub>2</sub> -Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

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