Dataset Information

Quantitative T1 mapping of the normal brain from early infancy to adulthood.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Quantitative mapping of MRI relaxation times is expected to uncover pathological processes in the brain more subtly than standard MRI techniques with weighted contrasts. So far, however, most mapping techniques suffer from a long measuring time, low spatial resolution or even sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneity.

Objective

To obtain T1 relaxation times of the normal brain from early infancy to adulthood using a novel technique for fast and accurate T1 mapping at high spatial resolution.

Materials and methods

We performed whole-brain T1 mapping within less than 3 min in 100 patients between 2 months and 18 years of age with normal brain at a field strength of 3 T. We analyzed T1 relaxation times in several gray-matter nuclei and white matter. Subsequently, we derived regression equations for mean value and confidence interval.

Results

T1 relaxation times of the pediatric brain rapidly decrease in all regions within the first 3 years of age, followed by a significantly weaker decrease until adulthood. These characteristics are more pronounced in white matter than in deep gray matter.

Conclusion

Regardless of age, quantitative T1 mapping of the pediatric brain is feasible in clinical practice. Normal age-dependent values should contribute to improved discrimination of subtle intracerebral alterations.

SUBMITTER: Grafe D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7897197 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Quantitative T1 mapping of the normal brain from early infancy to adulthood.

Gräfe Daniel D Frahm Jens J Merkenschlager Andreas A Voit Dirk D Hirsch Franz Wolfgang FW

Pediatric radiology 20201017 3

<h4>Background</h4>Quantitative mapping of MRI relaxation times is expected to uncover pathological processes in the brain more subtly than standard MRI techniques with weighted contrasts. So far, however, most mapping techniques suffer from a long measuring time, low spatial resolution or even sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneity.<h4>Objective</h4>To obtain T1 relaxation times of the normal brain from early infancy to adulthood using a novel technique for fast and accurate T1 mapping at ...[more]

PMID: 33068131

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Project description:ImportanceMost patients with psychotic disorders experience severe cognitive impairment, but the onset and course of this impairment remain unclear. Moreover, the course of cognitive functions in other psychiatric conditions remains largely unexamined.ObjectiveTo chart the course of general and specific cognitive functions in individuals with psychotic disorders, psychotic experiences, and depression.Design, setting, and participantsThe Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective cohort study comprising all live births between April 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992, in Avon, England. The dates of analysis were September 2015 to July 2016. Participants who underwent cognitive testing at ages 18 months and 4, 8, 15, and 20 years and psychiatric assessment at age 18 years were included.Main outcomes and measuresIndividuals with psychotic disorder, psychosis with depression, psychotic experiences, and depression were compared with controls. Outcomes were full-scale, verbal, and nonverbal IQ at ages 18 months and 4, 8, 15, and 20 years, as well as measures of processing speed, working memory, language, visuospatial ability, and attention at ages 8 and 20 years.ResultsThe following numbers of individuals were available for analyses in this longitudinal birth cohort study: 511 (238 male [46.6%]) at age 18 months (mean [SD] age, 1.53 [0.03] years), 483 (229 male [47.4%]) at age 4 years (mean [SD] age, 4.07 [0.03] years), 3930 (1679 male [42.7%]) at age 8 years (mean [SD] age, 8.65 [0.29] years), 3783 (1686 male [44.6%]) at age 15 years (mean [SD] age, 15.45 [0.27] years), and 257 (90 male [35.0%]) at age 20 years (mean [SD] age, 20.06 [0.55] years). Individuals with psychotic disorder showed continually increasing deficits between infancy (18 months) and adulthood (20 years) in full-scale IQ (effect size of change [ESΔ] = -1.09, P = .02) and nonverbal IQ (ESΔ = -0.94, P = .008). The depression group showed a small, increasing deficit in nonverbal IQ (ESΔ = -0.29, P = .04) between infancy and adulthood. Between ages 8 and 20 years, the psychotic disorder group exhibited developmental lags (ie, slower growth) in measures of processing speed (ESΔ = -0.68, P = .001), working memory (ESΔ = -0.59, P = .004), and attention (ESΔ = -0.44, P = .001) and large, static deficits in measures of language (ES = -0.87, P = .005) and visuospatial ability (ES = -0.90, P = .001). There was only weak evidence for cognitive deficits in the psychosis with depression group and the psychotic experiences group.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings herein suggest that the origins of psychotic disorder involve dynamic developmental processes, affecting both verbal and nonverbal abilities throughout the first 2 decades of life and leading to increasing dysfunction. These developmental processes do not manifest in other psychiatric disorders, such as psychosis with depression and depression.

Dataset Information

Quantitative T1 mapping of the normal brain from early infancy to adulthood.

Background

Objective

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Quantitative T1 mapping of the normal brain from early infancy to adulthood.

Similar Datasets

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