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Adult ADHD: Influence of Physical Activation, Stimulation, and Reward on Cognitive Performance and Symptoms.

ABSTRACT: Objective: Models of ADHD consider the influence of situational factors on cognitive performance and symptoms. Method: The influence of acute physical exercise, stimulation through continuous fine motor movement, and performance-related reward on performance and ADHD symptoms was assessed. Thirty-six adults with ADHD and 36 healthy controls performed executive function tasks (EF-tasks) of inhibition, selective attention, and working memory with material close to daily life. Experimental manipulations aimed at increasing cognitive performance. Results: No significant effects were found, but there were indicators for ADHD-specific impacts: Reward resulted in higher reported hyperactivity. Acute physical exercise slightly tended to improve attention performance and subjective inattention. Conclusion: The manipulations may affect performance and especially symptoms in different ways. Potential symptom interactions and identification of factors that determine whether symptoms may be functional or detrimental for task performance could be future research interests.

SUBMITTER: Kallweit C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7897786 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adult ADHD: Influence of Physical Activation, Stimulation, and Reward on Cognitive Performance and Symptoms.

Kallweit Claudia C Paucke Madlen M Strauß Maria M Exner Cornelia C

Journal of attention disorders 20190516 6

<b>Objective:</b> Models of ADHD consider the influence of situational factors on cognitive performance and symptoms. <b>Method:</b> The influence of acute physical exercise, stimulation through continuous fine motor movement, and performance-related reward on performance and ADHD symptoms was assessed. Thirty-six adults with ADHD and 36 healthy controls performed executive function tasks (EF-tasks) of inhibition, selective attention, and working memory with material close to daily life. Experim ...[more]

PMID: 31096844

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Project description:BackgroundCore symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Many individuals with this disorder also have a sedentary lifestyle, co-morbid mental illness such as depressive and anxiety disorders, and reduced quality of life. People with ADHD often have impaired executive function, which among other things may include difficulty in time management and structuring of everyday life. Pharmacological treatment is often the first-line option, but non-pharmacological treatment is also available and is used in clinical settings. In children and adolescents with ADHD, physical exercise is used as a non-pharmacological treatment. However, the evidence for the effectiveness of exercise in adults is sparse.ObjectiveTo implement the START intervention (START = Stöd i Aktivitet, Rörelse och Träning [Support in activity, movement and exercise]) consisting of a 12-week, structured mixed exercise programme with or without a cognitive intervention, in adults with ADHD, and study whether it has an effect on core symptoms of ADHD as well as physical, cognitive, mental and everyday functioning compared with usual treatment. A secondary aim is to investigate the participants' experiences of the intervention and its possible benefits, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of START compared with usual treatment.MethodsThis is a randomized controlled trial planned to be conducted in 120 adults with ADHD, aged 18-65. The intervention will be given as an add-on to standard care. Participants will be randomized to three groups. Group 1 will be given a physiotherapist-led mixed exercise programme for 12 weeks. Group 2 will receive the same intervention as group 1 with the addition of occupational therapist-led cognitive skills training. Group 3 will be the control group who will receive standard care only. The primary outcome will be reduction of ADHD symptoms measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1), Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S) and CGI-Improvement scale (CGI-I). The effect will be measured within 1 week after the end of the intervention and 6 and 12 months later.DiscussionData collection began in March 2021. The final 12-month follow-up is anticipated to be completed by autumn 2024.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05049239). Registered on 20 September 2021 (last verified: May 2021).

Dataset Information

Adult ADHD: Influence of Physical Activation, Stimulation, and Reward on Cognitive Performance and Symptoms.

Publications

Adult ADHD: Influence of Physical Activation, Stimulation, and Reward on Cognitive Performance and Symptoms.

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