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Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess preventive practices against COVID-19 pandemic in the general population.

ABSTRACT: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide with far-reaching socio-economic implications in society. The adoption of preventive practices by the public remains the mainstay in reducing the spread of COVID-19 but there is a dearth of validated tools to assess such infection prevention practices related to pandemics. This study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for the assessment of preventive practices against COVID-19 in the general population. It was done following a standardized protocol involving questionnaire development through literature review, focused group discussions, in-depth interviews, expert opinion, and pre-testing. This was followed by the validation of the questionnaire through a cross-sectional survey on 108 individuals from diverse backgrounds in New Delhi, India in July 2020. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The developed questionnaire for assessing preventive practices consists of two sections: the first section of 18 items to evaluate preventive practices and the second section of 19 items for assessing various reasons for deficiencies in the preventive practices. The first section has good content validity (CVR = 0.81 and S-CVI/Av = 0.97) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.82). Thus, this questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for the comprehensive assessment of preventive practices and barriers related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It will be useful in assessing the preparedness of the public and will be helpful to policymakers in designing appropriate interventions for protection against COVID-19.

SUBMITTER: Agarwal A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7899917 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess preventive practices against COVID-19 pandemic in the general population.

Agarwal Ayush A Ranjan Piyush P Rohilla Priyanka P Saikaustubh Yellamraju Y Sahu Anamika A Dwivedi Sada Nand SN Aakansha Baitha Upendra U Kumar Arvind A

Preventive medicine reports 20210223

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide with far-reaching socio-economic implications in society. The adoption of preventive practices by the public remains the mainstay in reducing the spread of COVID-19 but there is a dearth of validated tools to assess such infection prevention practices related to pandemics. This study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for the assessment of preventive practices against COVID-19 in the general ...[more]

PMID: 33643811

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Project description:BackgroundThe rapid increase in non-communicable chronic diseases in people of working age has had a major effect on health care utilization, productivity and economy. Lifestyle and diet are recognized as being major risk determinants involved. Disease prevention strategies need to be based on people's understanding of nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practice. This study evaluates the validity of a new nutritional knowledge and practice questionnaire specifically developed for assessing individuals of working age in a Thai population.MethodsThe questionnaire was constructed and based on previous relevant literature and its content validity was scrutinized by an expert panel. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to reduce the number of questions included. Subsequently, data from a cross-sectional study of 1,032 participants were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of this questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire constructed for assessing knowledge and attitude was evaluated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). For the practice component, set criteria were applied to determine the final variables used.ResultsCFA of the nutritional knowledge component suggested that all the variables in the model fitted with the data (χ2 = 80.17, df = 66, p > 0.05, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.01, SRMR = 0.02). The CFA final model for the nutritional knowledge included three factors (food recommendation, nutrients related to diseases, and healthy diet) with a total of 14 questions. For nutrition attitude, CFA also revealed a good fit (χ2 = 178.14, df = 93, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.03, SRMR = 0.03). The final CFA model for nutritional attitude included three factors (food choice, healthy diet and food recommendation) with a total of 16 questions. For practice items, the number of questions was reduced from 76 to 60.ConclusionsQuestionnaire development should use a logical, systematic and structured approach. Results from our evaluation process demonstrates the construction validity of the nutritional knowledge and practice questionnaire developed. This questionnaire can be further modified for use in other countries within the region.

Project description:BackgroundThere is increasing recognition that public health strategies to prevent childhood obesity need to start early in life. Any behavioural interventions need to target maternal attitudes and infant feeding practices, This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of a questionnaire to assess maternal attitudes towards infant growth and milk feeding practices.MethodsWe designed a 57-item (19 questions), self-administered questionnaire to measure the following four domains- 1) type of milk feeding, decision making and sources of advice; 2) frequency and quantity of milk feeds; 3) attitudes to infant feeding and growth; and 4) theory-based beliefs about following infant feeding recommendations. Forty mothers completed the questionnaire on two occasions six days apart (to assess test-retest reliability) and then participated in a semi-structured, open-ended telephone interview covering the same domains (to assess criterion validity). Percentage agreement, Cohen's Kappas (for categorical variables) and Spearman's correlation coefficients (for continuous variables) were used to quantify reliability and validity. Internal consistency between theory-based constructs (self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and intention) was quantified by Chronbach's alpha.ResultsOf the 57 questionnaire items 51 (89%) had percentage agreement above 70% indicating good test-retest reliability, and the remaining 6 items had moderate or substantial levels of agreement (kappa 0.41-0.68). Comparing questionnaire with interview coding (validity), percentage agreement was above 66% for 39/57 items (68%). Of the 16 items with percentage agreement below 66%, only five had kappa values below 0.20 (two items had insufficient interview responses). Internal consistency was 0.51, 0.79 and 0.90 for self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and intention respectively.ConclusionsThis questionnaire could be a useful tool in understanding the determinants of infant feeding and the 'causal mechanism' of interventions that target infant feeding practices to prevent early obesity.

Project description:BackgroundChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a complex condition leading to loss of kidney function. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice questionnaire on CKD (CKD-KAP) among practicing physicians in Pakistan since no validated tool was available for the said purpose.MethodsThe study consisted of four phases with phase-I focusing on literature review, phase II was the actual questionnaire development phase, face and content validity was determined in phase III, and finally pilot testing was performed in phase IV to determine validity and reliability. The development phase encompassed a thorough review of literature, focus-group discussion, expert review, and evaluation. The validation phase consisted of content validity, face validity, construct validity, convergent validity, and reliability. The pilot testing was performed by studying the KAP of 100 practicing physicians in tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan. The knowledge section of the validation phase utilized Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis. The attitude and practices sections utilized Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) theory. The reliability analysis utilized Cronbach's alpha and correlations.ResultsThe CKD-KAP questionnaire had three main sections: knowledge, attitude, and practice. During the validation, IRT analysis was performed on knowledge, which focused on the measure of the coefficient of discrimination and difficulty of the items; 40 out of 41 knowledge items have both discrimination and difficulty coefficients within an acceptable range. The EFA model was also fitted in the attitude and practices section, and scree plot and Eigenvalues suggested three and four dimensions within the attitude and practices section. The factor loading of all items was found to be acceptable except for one item in attitude which was deleted. The convergent validity demonstrated a significant association between all three sections except knowledge and practices. The reliability (internal consistency) analysis demonstrated Cronbach's alpha values above 0.7 and significant inter-item correlation. The final model of CKD-KAP had 40 knowledge, 13 attitude, and 10 practice items with a combination of both positive as well as negative questions and statements.ConclusionsThe CKD-KAP was found to be psychometrically valid and reliable, hence can be used to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of physicians toward chronic kidney disease.

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Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess preventive practices against COVID-19 pandemic in the general population.

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Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess preventive practices against COVID-19 pandemic in the general population.

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