Dataset Information

The effects of 12?weeks of functional strength training on muscle strength, volume and activity upon exposure to elevated G_z forces in high-performance aircraft personnel.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Technological advancements in modern military and acrobatic jet planes have resulted in extraordinary psychophysiological loads being exerted upon flying personnel, including inducing neck and back pain. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12?weeks of functional strength training on 1) the volume and strength of the neck and shoulder muscles and 2) muscular activity upon exposure to helmets of different masses and elevated G_z forces in a long-arm centrifuge in high-performance aircraft personnel.

Methods

Eighteen participants underwent 12?weeks of functional strength training (n =?12) or the control protocol (n =?6) without additional strength training. Pre- and post-intervention tests included evaluations of isometric strength of the head extensor muscles, flexion, and lateral flexion and rotation, as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the volume of the m. sternocleidomastoideus, m. trapezius, and deep neck muscles. Furthermore, during a long-arm centrifuge (+?1.4 and?+?3 G_z) protocol, the muscular activity levels of the m. sternocleidomastoideus, m. trapezius and m. erector spinae muscles were assessed without a flight helmet, with a helmet, and with a helmet and night vision goggles. Each participant's perception of muscular strain was noted immediately after the long-arm centrifuge protocol.

Results

The maximal isometric strength in all exercises and muscle volumes increased in the training group but not the control group (P ConclusionTwelve weeks of functional strength training improves the maximal isometric strength and volume of neck and shoulder muscles and leads to lower relative muscle activation upon exposure to elevated G_z forces in a long-arm centrifuge.

SUBMITTER: Rausch M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7901111 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

The effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on muscle strength, volume and activity upon exposure to elevated G<sub>z</sub> forces in high-performance aircraft personnel.

Rausch Monika M Weber Frank F Kühn Sven S Ledderhos Carla C Zinner Christoph C Sperlich Billy B

Military Medical Research 20210223 1

<h4>Background</h4>Technological advancements in modern military and acrobatic jet planes have resulted in extraordinary psychophysiological loads being exerted upon flying personnel, including inducing neck and back pain. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on 1) the volume and strength of the neck and shoulder muscles and 2) muscular activity upon exposure to helmets of different masses and elevated G<sub>z</sub> forces in a long-arm ...[more]

PMID: 33618779

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Project description:ObjectivesResistance training (RT) is a promising strategy to slow or prevent fluid cognitive decline during aging. However, the effects of strength-specific RT programs have received little attention. The purpose of this single-group proof of concept clinical trial was to determine whether a 12-week strength training (ST) program could improve fluid cognition in healthy older adults 60 to 80 years of age, and to explore concomitant physiological and psychological changes.MethodsTwenty participants (69.1 ± 5.8 years, 14 women) completed this study with no drop-outs or severe adverse events. Baseline assessments were completed before an initial 12-week control period, then participants were re-tested at pre-intervention and after the 12-week ST intervention. The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and standard physical and psychological measures were administered at all three time points. During the 36 sessions of periodized ST (3 sessions per week), participants were supervised by an exercise specialist and challenged via autoregulatory load progression.ResultsTest-retest reliability over the control period was good for fluid cognition and excellent for crystallized cognition. Fluid composite scores significantly increased from pre- to post-intervention (8.2 ± 6.1%, p < 0.01, d = 1.27), while crystallized composite scores did not (-0.5 ± 2.8%, p = 0.46, d = -0.34). Performance on individual fluid instruments, including executive function, attention, working memory, and processing speed, also significantly improved. Surprisingly, changes in fluid composite scores had small negative correlations with changes in muscular strength and sleep quality, but a small positive correlation with changes in muscular power.ConclusionsThus, improvements in fluid cognition can be safely achieved in older adults using a 12-week high-intensity ST program, but further controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings. Furthermore, the relationship with other widespread physiological and psychological benefits remains unclear.

Project description:BackgroundGrowing evidence has shown that obesity is associated with poor neurocognitive outcomes. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be an effective intervention for morbid obesity and can result in improvement of many co-morbid medical conditions that are associated with cognitive dysfunction. The effects of bariatric surgery on cognition are unknown.MethodsWe performed a prospective study total of 150 subjects (109 bariatric surgery patients enrolled in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery project and 41 obese control subjects who had not undergone bariatric surgery). These 150 subjects completed a cognitive evaluation at baseline and at 12 weeks of follow-up. The demographic, medical, and psychosocial information was also collected to elucidate the possible mechanisms of change.ResultsMany bariatric surgery patients exhibited impaired performance on cognitive testing at baseline (range 4.6-23.9%). However, the surgery patients were no more likely to exhibit a decline on ?2 cognitive tests at 12 weeks of follow-up than were the obese controls [12.84% versus 23.26%; chi-square (1) = 2.51, P = .11]. Group comparisons using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance showed that the surgery patients had improved memory performance at 12 weeks of follow-up [? = .86, F(4, 147) = 5.88, P <.001]; however, the memory performance of the obese controls had actually declined. Regression analyses showed that the surgery patients without hypertension had better short delay recall at 12 weeks than those with hypertension [? = .31, P = .005], although the other demographic and medical variables were largely unrelated to the test performance.ConclusionThe present results suggest that cognitive impairment is common in bariatric surgery patients, although these deficits might be at least partly reversible. Future studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms, in particular, longitudinal studies using neuroimaging and blood markers.

Dataset Information

The effects of 12?weeks of functional strength training on muscle strength, volume and activity upon exposure to elevated G_z forces in high-performance aircraft personnel.

Background

Methods

Results

Publications

The effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on muscle strength, volume and activity upon exposure to elevated G<sub>z</sub> forces in high-performance aircraft personnel.

Similar Datasets

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Dataset Information

The effects of 12?weeks of functional strength training on muscle strength, volume and activity upon exposure to elevated Gz forces in high-performance aircraft personnel.

Background

Methods

Results

Publications

The effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training on muscle strength, volume and activity upon exposure to elevated G<sub>z</sub> forces in high-performance aircraft personnel.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

The effects of 12?weeks of functional strength training on muscle strength, volume and activity upon exposure to elevated G_z forces in high-performance aircraft personnel.