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Patients with triple-negative, JAK2V617F- and CALR-mutated essential thrombocythemia share a unique gene expression signature.

ABSTRACT: Approximately 10% to 15% of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) lack the common driver mutations, so-called "triple-negative" (TN) disease. We undertook a systematic approach to investigate for somatic mutations and delineate gene expression signatures in 46 TN patients and compared the results to those with known driver mutations and healthy volunteers. Deep, error-corrected, next-generation sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the HaloPlexHS platform and whole-exome sequencing was performed. Using this platform, 10 (22%) of 46 patients had detectable mutations (MPL, n = 6; JAK2V617F, n = 4) with 3 of 10 cases harboring germline MPL mutations. RNA-sequencing and DNA methylation analysis were also performed by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pathway analysis comparing healthy volunteers and ET patients (regardless of mutational status) identified significant enrichment for genes in the tumor necrosis factor, NFκB, and MAPK pathways and upregulation of platelet proliferative drivers such as ITGA2B and ITGB3. Correlation with DNA methylation showed a consistent pattern of hypomethylation at upregulated gene promoters. Interrogation of these promoter regions highlighted enrichment of transcriptional regulators, which were significantly upregulated in patients with ET regardless of mutation status, including CEBPβ and NFκB. For "true" TN ET, patterns of gene expression and DNA methylation were similar to those in ET patients with known driver mutations. These observations suggest that the resultant ET phenotype may, at least in part and regardless of mutation type, be driven by transcriptional misregulation and may propagate downstream via the MAPK, tumor necrosis factor, and NFκB pathways with resultant JAK-STAT activation. These findings identify potential novel mechanisms of disease initiation that require further evaluation.

SUBMITTER: Alimam S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7903233 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:In order to explore the gene expression signature in essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients in relation to JAK2V617F mutational status, expression profiling in circulating granulocytes was performed. Twenty ET were studied by microarray analysis and the results were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in 40 ET patients, not receiving cytoreductive treatment. A heterogeneous molecular signature characterized by two main gene expression patterns was found: one with an up-regulation of inflammatory genes related to neutrophil activation and thrombosis, and the other one with significantly lower expression of these genes. Supervised clustering analysis showed 30 genes differentially expressed between JAK2V617F-negative and JAK2V617F-positive ET patients. Among the JAK2V617F-negative, a set of 14 genes (CISH, C13orf18, CCL3, PIM1, MAFF, SOCS3, ID2, GADD45B, KLF5, TNF, LAMB3, HRH4, TAGAP and TRIB1) showed an abnormal expression pattern. In this group of patients CISH, SOCS2, SOCS3 and PIM1 genes, all involved in JAK-STAT signaling pathway, presented a lower expression,. A two-gene predictor model was built comprising FOSB and CISH genes, which were the best discriminators of JAK2V617F status. In conclusion, JAK2V617F-negative ET patients present a characteristic gene expression profile, different from JAK2V617F-positive patients. Other pathways besides JAK-STAT might be implicated in the pathophysiology of JAK2V617F-negative ET patients. Experiment Overall Design: Twenty ET were studied by microarray analysis and the results were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in 40 ET patients. Microarray expression profiles were obtained using Whole Human Genome oligonucleotide microarrays (G4112A, Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). In each microarray experiment, RNA obtained from granulocytes from a single ET patient was compared with a pool of granulocyte RNAs from 10 healthy individuals. Duplicate hybridizations were performed for each comparison with dye-swapping to control.

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Patients with triple-negative, JAK2V617F- and CALR-mutated essential thrombocythemia share a unique gene expression signature.

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