Dataset Information

Characterisation of adenovirus strains represented species B and E isolated from broiler chicken flocks in eastern Poland.

ABSTRACT: Fowl adenovirus strains were isolated from the internal organs of 3-wk-old broiler flocks exhibited clinical signs associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). The isolated strains were molecularly characterised and sequencing revealed three distinct clusters. One cluster showed close proximity at the nucleotide level with adenovirus type/species - 6/E, 7/E, 8a/E, and 8b/E. The second cluster contained five reference sequences belonging to the species FAdV-D and E. A third cluster contained one field and four reference sequences belonging to the FAdV-5/B, FAdV-4/C, FAdV-2/D, and FAdV-1/A type/species respectively. The heterogenicity, Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU), codon composition, and nucleotide frequencies were examined. Statistical analyses, were carried out. The maximum likelihoods for the examined sequences were estimated. The data indicated that correlation between isolated of adenovirus type/species 5/B, and E in Poland have been presented. Indicated adenovirus types and their combinations with locally circulating FAdVs strains could have implications for current detection methods and pathogenicity on infected chickens.

SUBMITTER: Niczyporuk JS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7903317 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterisation of adenovirus strains represented species B and E isolated from broiler chicken flocks in eastern Poland.

Niczyporuk Jowita Samanta JS Kozdrun Wojciech W Czekaj Hanna H Piekarska Karolina K Stys-Fijol Natalia N

Heliyon 20210217 2

Fowl adenovirus strains were isolated from the internal organs of 3-wk-old broiler flocks exhibited clinical signs associated with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). The isolated strains were molecularly characterised and sequencing revealed three distinct clusters. One cluster showed close proximity at the nucleotide level with adenovirus type/species - 6/E, 7/E, 8a/E, and 8b/E. The second cluster contained five reference sequences belonging to the species FAdV-D and E. A third cluster contained o ...[more]

PMID: 33665417

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Project description:In this work, antimicrobial usage data from 2,546 commercial broiler chicken flocks originating from 37 farms are presented. Antimicrobial usage data at the flock level were based on mandatory documentation of antibiotic treatments in livestock in Germany, collected retrospectively for the time period of 2013-2018. The data encompasses all antimicrobial treatments during the fattening period of each flock, starting with the placement of day-old chicks at the barn. The aim of this analysis was to investigate antibiotic usage patterns in broiler chicken flocks in Germany, temporal trends in treatment frequency, the proportions of different antimicrobial classes and the weights of the broiler chickens at the time of treatment. The median treatment frequency over all flocks was six, and veterinary medicinal products belonging to nine different antimicrobial classes were used. Overall, the most frequently used classes were aminoglycosides (25.6%) and lincosamides (25.6%), followed by polypeptides (21.4%) and beta-lactams (16.2%). Over the 6 years evaluated, a considerable increase in the relative usage of lincosamides and aminoglycosides was observed. Compared to the first year of data collection, the percentage of treatments with fluoroquinolones, macrolides and polypeptides decreased in consecutive years. The median age of the broiler chickens at the time of treatment was 5 days, which corresponded to a median body weight at the time of treatment of 111 g, with substantial differences among various antimicrobial classes. We showed that in Germany, the median weight of broiler chickens at the time of treatment was substantially lower than the standard weight of broilers of 1,000 g proposed by the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption. The median weight at treatment is very much influenced by the frequency of age-specific diseases. As different antimicrobial classes are used to combat these diseases, variations in the weight at treatment may have a considerable impact on the estimated treatment indicators. Additionally, a decrease in the relative usage of the highest-priority critically important antimicrobials, such as fluoroquinolones, macrolides and polypeptides, was shown, which might be the consequence of increasing awareness of the antibiotic resistance situation as well as of antibiotic monitoring and benchmarking systems currently running in Germany.

Project description:There is a paucity of data on the reason for and the quantity of antimicrobials used in broiler chickens in Canada. To address this, the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) implemented surveillance of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in broiler chicken flocks in 2013. Shortly after this (2014), the poultry industry banned the preventive use of ceftiofur in broiler chickens. The objectives of this analysis were to describe antimicrobial use (AMU) in Canadian broiler chickens between 2013 and 2015 (n = 378 flocks), compare these results to other animal species in Canada, to highlight the utility of farm surveillance data to evaluate the impact of a policy change, and to explore how different antimicrobial use metrics might affect data interpretation and communication. The surveillance data indicated that the poultry industry policy resulted in lower antimicrobial use and resistance, and they successfully captured information on when, where, why, and how much antimicrobials were being used. The majority of antimicrobials were administered via the feed (95%). The relative frequency of antimicrobial classes used in broiler chickens differed from those used in swine or in food animal production in general. Coccidiostats were the most frequently used antimicrobial classes (53% of total kg). Excluding coccidiostats, the top three most frequently used antimicrobial classes were bacitracin (53% of flocks), virginiamycin (25%) and avilamycin (21%), mainly used for the prevention of necrotic enteritis. Depending on the AMU metric utilized, the relative rankings of the top antimicrobials changed; hence the choice of the AMU metric is an important consideration for any AMU reporting. When using milligrams/Population Correction Unit (mg/PCU) the top three antimicrobial classes used were bacitracins (76 mg/PCU), trimethoprim-sulfonamides (24 mg/PCU), and penicillins (15 mg/PCU), whereas when using a number of Defined Daily Doses in animals using Canadian standards /1,000 chicken-days at risk (nDDDvetCA/1,000 CD) the ranking was bacitracins (223 nDDDvetCA/1,000 CD), streptogramins (118 nDDDvetCA/1,000 CD), and trimethoprim-sulfonamides (87 nDDDvetCA/1,000 CD). The median animal treatment days in feed for one cycle (ATD/cycle) during the three-year study were 34 ATD/cycle; this was equal to the mean age of the flocks at pre-harvest sampling day (days at risk), indicating that the studied flocks except those that were raised without antibiotics and organic, were fed with medicated rations throughout the observation period. Overall, more than half (59%) of antimicrobials used in broiler chickens were in classes not used in human medicine, such as ionophores and chemical coccidiostats aimed to prevent coccidiosis. Compared to grower-finisher pigs and in production animal species (national sales data), the mg/PCU of antimicrobials used in broiler chickens was relatively lower. The findings of this paper highlighted the importance of farm-level AMU surveillance in measuring the impact of interventions to reduce antimicrobials in poultry.

Dataset Information

Characterisation of adenovirus strains represented species B and E isolated from broiler chicken flocks in eastern Poland.

Publications

Characterisation of adenovirus strains represented species B and E isolated from broiler chicken flocks in eastern Poland.

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