Dataset Information

Genetics and genomics of root system variation in adaptation to drought stress in cereal crops.

ABSTRACT: Cereals are important crops worldwide that help meet food demands and nutritional needs. In recent years, cereal production has been challenged globally by frequent droughts and hot spells. A plant's root is the most relevant organ for the plant adaptation to stress conditions, playing pivotal roles in anchorage and the acquisition of soil-based resources. Thus, dissecting root system variations and trait selection for enhancing yield and sustainability under drought stress conditions should aid in future global food security. This review highlights the variations in root system attributes and their interplay with shoot architecture features to face water scarcity and maintain thus yield of major cereal crops. Further, we compile the root-related drought responsive quantitative trait loci/genes in cereal crops including their interspecies relationships using microsynteny to facilitate comparative genomic analyses. We then discuss the potential of an integrated strategy combining genomics and phenomics at genetic and epigenetic levels to explore natural genetic diversity as a basis for knowledge-based genome editing. Finally, we present an outline to establish innovative breeding leads for the rapid and optimized selection of root traits necessary to develop resilient crop varieties.

SUBMITTER: Siddiqui MN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7904151 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetics and genomics of root system variation in adaptation to drought stress in cereal crops.

Siddiqui Md Nurealam MN Léon Jens J Naz Ali A AA Ballvora Agim A

Journal of experimental botany 20210201 4

Cereals are important crops worldwide that help meet food demands and nutritional needs. In recent years, cereal production has been challenged globally by frequent droughts and hot spells. A plant's root is the most relevant organ for the plant adaptation to stress conditions, playing pivotal roles in anchorage and the acquisition of soil-based resources. Thus, dissecting root system variations and trait selection for enhancing yield and sustainability under drought stress conditions should aid ...[more]

PMID: 33096558

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Project description:In order to clarify the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance between different maize (Zea mays L.) varieties at the protein level, iTRAQ (the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) quantitative proteomics were used for the comparative analysis of protein expression in the seedling roots of the drought-tolerant Chang 7-2 and drought-sensitive TS141 maize varieties under 20% PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol 6000)-simulated drought stress. A total of 7723 proteins were identified using iTRAQ in the maize seedling roots. We detected 39371 peptides and 30148 unique peptides. The identified protein molecular mass was mainly distributed between 10–60 kDa. COG analysis divided these proteins into 24 categories, among which general function prediction contained the largest number of proteins (19.1%), followed by posttranslational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones (10.52%). In the identified differentially expressed proteins, 1552 of which were significantly differentially expressed. Of these, 1249 were differentially expressed in Chang 7-2 following drought stress, 577 of which were up-regulated and 672 were down-regulated. Four hundred and twenty five differentially expressed proteins were identified in TS141, 249 of which were up-regulated and 176 were down-regulated. Of these proteins, 32 demonstrated opposite expression levels in the two varieties, and there were 56 up-regulated proteins that were common between the two varieties. Comparing the Chang 7-2 treatment group and control group, the DEPS in the cellular component category were mainly enriched in cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicles, cytoplasmic vesicles, membrane-bound vesicles and vesicles; in the molecular function category, the DEPs were mainly enriched in cation binding and metal ion binding; and in the biological process category, the major enriched categories included phosphate-containing compound metabolic process, single-organism transport cellular component organization or biogenesis, carbohydrate metabolic process, and cellular component organization. Comparing the TS141 treatment group and control group, the DEPS in the cellular component category were primarily enriched in cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicles, cytoplasmic vesicles, membrane-bound vesicles, and vesicle; in the molecular function category, the DEPs were mainly enriched in cation binding and metal ion binding; and in the biological process category, the major enrichment categories included oxidation-reduction process and carbohydrate metabolic process. In Chang 7-2, the differentially expressed proteins were associated with ribosome pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In TS141, the differentially expressed proteins were associated with metabolic pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, and starch and sucrose metabolism.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Wild crop relatives have been potentially subjected to stresses on an evolutionary time scale prior to domestication. Among these stresses, drought is one of the main factors limiting crop productivity and its impact is likely to increase under current scenarios of global climate change. We sought to determine to what extent wild common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) exhibited adaptation to drought stress, whether this potential adaptation is dependent on the climatic conditions of the location of origin of individual populations, and to what extent domesticated common bean reflects potential drought adaptation. METHODS:An extensive and diverse set of wild beans from across Mesoamerica, along with a set of reference Mesoamerican domesticated cultivars, were evaluated for root and shoot traits related to drought adaptation. A water deficit experiment was conducted by growing each genotype in a long transparent tube in greenhouse conditions so that root growth, in addition to shoot growth, could be monitored. RESULTS:Phenotypic and landscape genomic analyses, based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms, suggested that beans originating from central and north-west Mexico and Oaxaca, in the driest parts of their distribution, produced more biomass and were deeper-rooted. Nevertheless, deeper rooting was correlated with less root biomass production relative to total biomass. Compared with wild types, domesticated types showed a stronger reduction and delay in growth and development in response to drought stress. Specific genomic regions were associated with root depth, biomass productivity and drought response, some of which showed signals of selection and were previously related to productivity and drought tolerance. CONCLUSIONS:The drought tolerance of wild beans consists in its stronger ability, compared with domesticated types, to continue growth in spite of water-limited conditions. This study is the first to relate bean response to drought to environment of origin for a diverse selection of wild beans. It provides information that needs to be corroborated in crosses between wild and domesticated beans to make it applicable to breeding programmes.

Dataset Information

Genetics and genomics of root system variation in adaptation to drought stress in cereal crops.

Publications

Genetics and genomics of root system variation in adaptation to drought stress in cereal crops.

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