Dataset Information

Effect of Electrokinetics and Thermodynamic Equilibrium on Low-Salinity Water Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Sandstone Reservoirs.

ABSTRACT: Wettability alteration (from oil-wet to mixed- or water-wet condition) is the most prominent mechanism in low-salinity water flooding (LSWF) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in sandstone reservoirs. Although several factors influence the wettability alteration, many efforts have been made to find the main controlling factor. In this study, the influence of interface properties of sandstone/brine and thermodynamic equilibrium of sandstone minerals were evaluated to understand the wettability alteration during LSWF. A triple-layer surface complexation model built-in PHREEQC was applied to a quartz/brine interface, and the modeling results were verified with zeta potential experimental data. This model was combined with that of kaolinite/brine to predict sandstone/brine interface properties. The measured and predicted sandstone zeta potentials were between those obtained for quartz and kaolinite in the diluted seawater. The predicted surface potential of sandstone together with that of crude oil was used in extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory to estimate the attractive or repulsive force. Consideration of thermodynamic equilibrium between minerals and solution significantly increased the pH and hence resulted in an increase in negative surface potential in the surface complexation. This provided a strong repulsive force between crude oil and sandstone, thus resulting in a more water-wet condition.

SUBMITTER: Elakneswaran Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7906498 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Electrokinetics and Thermodynamic Equilibrium on Low-Salinity Water Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Sandstone Reservoirs.

Elakneswaran Yogarajah Y Ubaidah Amir A Takeya Miku M Shimokawara Mai M Okano Hirofumi H

ACS omega 20210201 5

Wettability alteration (from oil-wet to mixed- or water-wet condition) is the most prominent mechanism in low-salinity water flooding (LSWF) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in sandstone reservoirs. Although several factors influence the wettability alteration, many efforts have been made to find the main controlling factor. In this study, the influence of interface properties of sandstone/brine and thermodynamic equilibrium of sandstone minerals were evaluated to understand the wettability alter ...[more]

PMID: 33644527

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Project description:Low salinity waterflooding (LSWF) and its variants also known as smart water or ion tuned water injection have emerged as promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. LSWF is a complex process controlled by several mechanisms and parameters involving oil, brine, and rock composition. The major mechanisms and processes controlling LSWF are still being debated in the literature. Thus, the establishment of an approach that relates these parameters to the final recovery factor (RFf) is vital. The main objective of this research work was to use a number of artificial intelligence models to develop robust predictive models based on experimental data and main parameters controlling the LSWF determined through sensitivity analysis and feature selection. The parameters include properties of oil, rock, injected brine, and connate water. Different operational parameters were considered to increase the model accuracy as well. After collecting the relevant data from 99 experimental studies reported in the literature, the database underwent a comprehensive and rigorous data preprocessing stage, which included removal of duplicates and low-variance features, missing value imputation, collinearity assessment, data characteristic assessment, outlier removal, feature selection, data splitting (80-20 rule was applied), and data scaling. Then, a number of methods such as linear regression (LR), multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and committee machine intelligent system (CMIS) were used to link 1316 data samples assembled in this research work. Based on the obtained results, the CMIS model was proven to produce superior results compared to its counterparts such that the root mean squared rrror (RMSE) values for both training and testing data are 4.622 and 7.757, respectively. Based on the feature importance results, the presence of Ca2+ in the connate water, Na+ in the injected brine, core porosity, and total acid number of the crude oil are detected as the parameters with the highest impact on the RFf. The CMIS model proposed here can be applied with a high degree of confidence to predict the performance of LSWF in sandstone reservoirs. The database assembled for the purpose of this research work is so far the largest and most comprehensive of its kind, and it can be used to further delineate mechanisms behind LSWF and optimization of this EOR process in sandstone reservoirs.

Project description:The flow of polymer solution and heavy oil in porous media is critical for polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs because it significantly determines the polymer enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and polymer flooding efficiency in heavy oil reservoirs. In this paper, physical experiments and numerical simulations were both applied to investigate the flow of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution and heavy oil, and their effects on polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs. First, physical experiments determined the rheology of the polymer solution and heavy oil and their flow in porous media. Then, a new mathematical model was proposed, and an in-house three-dimensional (3D) two-phase polymer flooding simulator was designed considering the non-Newtonian flow. The designed simulator was validated by comparing its results with those obtained from commercial software and typical polymer flooding experiments. The developed simulator was further applied to investigate the non-Newtonian flow in polymer flooding. The experimental results demonstrated that the flow behavior index of the polymer solution is 0.3655, showing a shear thinning; and heavy oil is a type of Bingham fluid that overcomes a threshold pressure gradient (TPG) to flow in porous media. Furthermore, the validation of the designed simulator was confirmed to possess high accuracy and reliability. According to its simulation results, the decreases of 1.66% and 2.49% in oil recovery are caused by the difference between 0.18 and 1 in the polymer solution flow behavior indexes of the pure polymer flooding (PPF) and typical polymer flooding (TPF), respectively. Moreover, for heavy oil, considering a TPG of 20 times greater than its original value, the oil recoveries of PPF and TPF are reduced by 0.01% and 5.77%, respectively. Furthermore, the combined effect of shear thinning and a threshold pressure gradient results in a greater decrease in oil recovery, with 1.74% and 8.35% for PPF and TPF, respectively. Thus, the non-Newtonian flow has a hugely adverse impact on the performance of polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs.

Dataset Information

Effect of Electrokinetics and Thermodynamic Equilibrium on Low-Salinity Water Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Sandstone Reservoirs.

Publications

Effect of Electrokinetics and Thermodynamic Equilibrium on Low-Salinity Water Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Sandstone Reservoirs.

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