Dataset Information

Salicylic acid and kaolin effects on pomological, physiological, and phytochemical characters of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) at warm summer condition.

ABSTRACT: Climate change and population increase are two challenges for crop production in the world. Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is considered an important nut regarding its nutritional and economic values. As a fact, the application of supporting materials as foliage sprays on plants will decrease biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the effects of salicylic acid (0, 1 mM and 2.5 mM) and kaolin (0, 3% and 6%) sprays were investigated on morphological, physiological, pomological, and biochemical characteristics of hazelnut. The results showed that 1 mM salicylic acid and 6% kaolin had the best effects on nut and kernel weight compared to control. Biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll a, b, a?+?b, and carotenoid contents showed that salicylic acid and kaolin improved pigment concentration. Proline and antioxidant contents such as phenolic acids, SOD, APX, and CAT enzyme activities increased by these applications. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation, protein content, and H₂O₂ content were decreased. Based on the tolerance index result, Merveille de Bollwiller cultivar showed the highest tolerance while 'Fertile de Coutard' had the lowest value. Therefore, hazelnut performance may be improved through exogenous application of the signaling (salicylic acid) and particle film (Kaolin) compounds in warmer climates.

SUBMITTER: Khavari M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7907359 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Salicylic acid and kaolin effects on pomological, physiological, and phytochemical characters of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) at warm summer condition.

Khavari Marziyeh M Fatahi Reza R Zamani Zabihollah Z

Scientific reports 20210225 1

Climate change and population increase are two challenges for crop production in the world. Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is considered an important nut regarding its nutritional and economic values. As a fact, the application of supporting materials as foliage sprays on plants will decrease biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the effects of salicylic acid (0, 1 mM and 2.5 mM) and kaolin (0, 3% and 6%) sprays were investigated on morphological, physiological, pomological, and biochemica ...[more]

PMID: 33633151

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Project description:European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) is a diploid (2n = 22), monecious and wind-pollinated species, extensively cultivated for its nuts. Turkey is the world-leading producer of hazelnut, supplying 70-80% of the world's export capacity. Hazelnut is mostly grown in the Black Sea Region, and maintained largely through clonal propagation. Understanding the genetic variation between hazelnut varieties, and defining variety-specific and disease resistance-associated alleles, would facilitate hazelnut breeding in Turkey. Widely grown varieties 'Karafındık' (2), 'Sarıfındık' (5), and 'Yomra' (2) were collected from Akçakoca in the west, while 'Tombul' (8), 'Çakıldak' (3), 'Mincane' (2), 'Allahverdi' (2), 'Sivri' (4), and 'Palaz' (5) were collected from Ordu and Giresun provinces in the east (numbers in parentheses indicate sample sizes for each variety). Powdery mildew resistant and susceptible hazelnut genotypes were collected from the field gene bank and heavily infected orchards in Giresun. Every individual was subjected to double digest restriction enzyme-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) and a RADtag library was created. RADtags were aligned to the 'Tombul' reference genome, and Stacks software used to identify polymorphisms. 101 private and six common alleles from nine hazelnut varieties, four private from resistants and only one from susceptible were identified for diagnosis of either a certain hazelnut variety or powdery mildew resistance. Phylogenetic analysis and population structure calculations indicated that 'Mincane', 'Sarıfındık', 'Tombul', 'Çakıldak', and 'Palaz' were genetically close to each other; however, individuals within every varietal group were found in different sub-populations. Our findings indicated that years of clonal propagation of some preferred varieties across the Black Sea Region has resulted in admixed sub-populations and great genetic diversity within each variety. This impedes the development of a true breeding variety. For example, 'Tombul' is the most favored Turkish variety because of its high quality nuts, but an elite 'Tombul' line does not yet exist. This situation continues due to the lack of a breed protection program for commercially valuable hazelnut varieties. This study provides molecular markers suitable for establishing such a program.

Project description:Plant genomes are now sequenced rapidly and inexpensively. In silico approaches allow efficient development of simple sequence repeat markers, also known as microsatellite markers, from these sequences. A search of the genome sequence of 'Jefferson' hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) identified 8,708 tri-nucleotide simple sequence repeats with at least five repeat units, and stepwise removal of the less promising sequences led to the development of 150 polymorphic markers. Fragments in the 'Jefferson' sequence containing tri-nucleotide repeats were used as references and aligned with genomic sequences from seven other cultivars. Following in silico alignment, sequences that showed variation in number of repeat units were selected and primer pairs were designed for 243 of them. Screening on agarose gels identified 173 as polymorphic. Removal of duplicate and previously published sequences reduced the number to 150, for which fluorescent primers and capillary electrophoresis were used for amplicon sizing. These were characterized using 50 diverse hazelnut accessions. Of the 150, 132 generated the expected one or two alleles per accession while 18 amplified more than two amplicons in at least one accession. Diversity parameters of the 132 marker loci averaged 4.73 for number of alleles, 0.51 for expected heterozygosity (He), 0.49 for observed heterozygosity (Ho), 0.46 for polymorphism information content (PIC), and 0.04 for frequency of null alleles. The clustering of the 50 accessions in a dendrogram constructed from the 150 markers confirmed the wide genetic diversity and presence of three of the four major geographic groups: Central European, Black Sea, and Spanish-Italian. In the mapping population, 105 loci segregated, of which 101 were assigned to a linkage group (LG), with positions well-dispersed across all 11 LGs. These new markers will be useful for cultivar fingerprinting, diversity studies, genome comparisons, mapping, and alignment of the linkage map with the genome sequence and physical map.

Dataset Information

Salicylic acid and kaolin effects on pomological, physiological, and phytochemical characters of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) at warm summer condition.

Publications

Salicylic acid and kaolin effects on pomological, physiological, and phytochemical characters of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) at warm summer condition.

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