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MRI Texture Analysis Reveals Brain Abnormalities in Medically Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia.

ABSTRACT: Background: Several neuroimaging studies report structural alterations of the trigeminal nerve in trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Less attention has been paid to structural brain changes occurring in TN, even though such changes can influence the development and response to treatment of other headache and chronic pain conditions. The purpose of this study was to apply a novel neuroimaging technique-texture analysis-to identify structural brain differences between classical TN patients and healthy subjects. Methods: We prospectively recruited 14 medically refractory classical TN patients and 20 healthy subjects. 3-Tesla T1-weighted brain MRI scans were acquired in all participants. Three texture features (autocorrelation, contrast, energy) were calculated within four a priori brain regions of interest (anterior cingulate, insula, thalamus, brainstem). Voxel-wise analysis was used to identify clusters of texture difference between TN patients and healthy subjects within regions of interest (p < 0.001, cluster size >20 voxels). Median raw texture values within clusters were also compared between groups, and further used to differentiate TN patients from healthy subjects (receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis). Median raw texture values were correlated with pain severity (visual analog scale, 1-100) and illness duration. Results: Several clusters of texture difference were observed between TN patients and healthy subjects: right-sided TN patients showed reduced autocorrelation in the left brainstem, increased contrast in the left brainstem and right anterior insula, and reduced energy in right and left anterior cingulate, right midbrain, and left brainstem. Within-cluster median raw texture values also differed between TN patients and healthy subjects: TN patients could be segregated from healthy subjects using brainstem autocorrelation (p = 0.0040, AUC = 0.84, sensitivity = 89%, specificity = 70%), anterior insula contrast (p = 0.0002, AUC = 0.92, sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 100%), and anterior cingulate energy (p = 0.0004, AUC = 0.92, sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 100%). Additionally, anterior insula contrast and duration of TN were inversely correlated (p = 0.030, Spearman r = -0.73). Conclusions: Texture analysis reveals distinct brain abnormalities in TN, which relate to clinical features such as duration of illness. These findings further implicate structural brain changes in the development and maintenance of TN.

SUBMITTER: Danyluk H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7907508 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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MRI Texture Analysis Reveals Brain Abnormalities in Medically Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Danyluk Hayden H Ishaque Abdullah A Ta Daniel D Yang Yee Hong YH Wheatley B Matthew BM Kalra Sanjay S Sankar Tejas T

Frontiers in neurology 20210212

<b>Background:</b> Several neuroimaging studies report structural alterations of the trigeminal nerve in trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Less attention has been paid to structural brain changes occurring in TN, even though such changes can influence the development and response to treatment of other headache and chronic pain conditions. The purpose of this study was to apply a novel neuroimaging technique-texture analysis-to identify structural brain differences between classical TN patients and heal ...[more]

PMID: 33643203

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Project description:BackgroundTrigeminal neuralgia, a severe chronic neuropathic pain disorder, is widely believed to be amenable to surgical treatments. Nearly 20% of patients, however, do not have adequate pain relief after surgery. Objective tools for personalized pre-treatment prognostication of pain relief following surgical interventions can minimize unnecessary surgeries and thus are of substantial benefit for patients and clinicians.PurposeTo determine if pre-treatment regional brain morphology-based machine learning models can prognosticate 1 year response to Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia.MethodsWe used a data-driven approach that combined retrospective structural neuroimaging data and support vector machine-based machine learning to produce robust multivariate prediction models of pain relief following Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. Surgical response was defined as ≥ 75% pain relief 1 year post-treatment. We created two prediction models using pre-treatment regional brain gray matter morphology (cortical thickness or surface area) to distinguish responders from non-responders to radiosurgery. Feature selection was performed through sequential backwards selection algorithm. Model out-of-sample generalizability was estimated via stratified 10-fold cross-validation procedure and permutation testing.ResultsIn 51 trigeminal neuralgia patients (35 responders, 16 non-responders), machine learning models based on pre-treatment regional brain gray matter morphology (14 regional surface areas or 13 regional cortical thicknesses) provided robust a priori prediction of surgical response. Cross-validation revealed the regional surface area model was 96.7% accurate, 100.0% sensitive, and 89.1% specific while the regional cortical thickness model was 90.5% accurate, 93.5% sensitive, and 83.7% specific. Permutation testing revealed that both models performed beyond pure chance (p < 0.001). The best predictor for regional surface area model and regional cortical thickness model was contralateral superior frontal gyrus and contralateral isthmus cingulate gyrus, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings support the use of machine learning techniques in subsequent investigations of chronic neuropathic pain. Furthermore, our multivariate framework provides foundation for future development of generalizable, artificial intelligence-driven tools for chronic neuropathic pain treatments.

Project description:ObjectiveTo determine the anatomical characteristics of the petrous ridge and trigeminal nerve in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) without neurovascular compression (NVC).Materials and methodsFrom May 2017 to March 2021, 66 patients (49 female and 17 male; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 56.8 ± 13.3 years) with TN without NVC and 57 controls (46 female and 11 male; 52.0 ± 15.6 years) were enrolled. The angle of the petrous ridge (APR) and angle of the trigeminal nerve (ATN) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging with a high-resolution three-dimensional T2 sequence. Data on the symptomatic side were compared with those on the asymptomatic side in patients and with the mean measurements of the bilateral sides in controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of APR and ATN in distinguishing TN patients from controls.ResultsIn TN patients without NVC, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of APR on the symptomatic side (98.40° ± 19.75°) was significantly smaller than that of the asymptomatic side (105.59° ± 22.45°, p = 0.019) and controls (108.44° ± 15.98°, p = 0.003). The mean ATN ± SD on the symptomatic side (144.41° ± 8.92°) was significantly smaller than that of the asymptomatic side (149.67° ± 8.09°, p = 0.003) and controls (150.45° ± 8.48°, p = 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for distinguishing TN patients from controls was 0.673 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.579-0.758) for APR and 0.700 (CI: 0.607-0.782) for ATN. The sensitivity and specificity using the diagnostic cutoff yielding the highest Youden index were 81.8% (54/66) and 49.1% (28/57), respectively, for APR (with a cutoff score of 94.30°) and 65.2% (43/66) and 66.7% (38/57), respectively, for ATN (cutoff score, 148.25°).ConclusionIn patients with TN without NVC, APR and ATN were smaller than those in controls, which may explain the potential cause of TN and provide additional information for diagnosis.

Project description:BackgroundMedically-refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN) can be treated successfully with operative intervention, but a significant proportion of patients are non-responders despite undergoing technically successful surgery. The thalamus is a key component of the trigeminal sensory pathway involved in transmitting facial pain, but the role of the thalamus in TN, and its influence on durability of pain relief after TN surgery, are relatively understudied. We aimed to test the hypothesis that variations in thalamic structure and metabolism are related to surgical non-response in TN.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal, peri-operative neuroimaging study of the thalamus in medically-refractory TN patients undergoing microvascular decompression or percutaneous balloon compression rhizotomy. Patients underwent structural MRI and MR spectroscopy scans pre-operatively and at 1-week following surgery, and were classified as responders or non-responders based on 1-year post-operative pain outcome. Thalamus volume, shape, and metabolite concentration (choline/creatine [Cho/Cr] and N-acetylaspartate/creatine [NAA/Cr]) were evaluated at baseline and 1-week, and compared between responders, non-responders, and healthy controls.ResultsTwenty healthy controls and 23 patients with medically-refractory TN treated surgically (17 responders, 6 non-responders) were included. Pre-operatively, TN patients as a group showed significantly larger thalamus volume contralateral to the side of facial pain. However, vertex-wise shape analysis showed significant contralateral thalamus volume reduction in non-responders compared to responders in an axially-oriented band spanning the outer thalamic circumference (peak p = 0.019). Further, while pre-operative thalamic metabolite concentrations did not differ between responders and non-responders, as early as 1-week after surgery, long-term non-responders showed a distinct decrease in contralateral thalamic Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr, irrespective of surgery type, which was not observed in responders.ConclusionsAtrophy of the contralateral thalamus is a consistent feature across patients with medically-refractory TN. Regional alterations in preoperative thalamic structure, and very early post-operative metabolic changes in the thalamus, both appear to influence the durability of pain relief after TN surgery.

Project description:ObjectiveTo compare complete neuroendoscopic and microscopic microvascular decompression (MVD) in primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN) and their impacts on the microstructure of the trigeminal nerve.MethodsEighty-seven PTN patients admitted in our hospital from July 2017 to December 2019 were selected for this prospective study and divided into the endoscopic group (n=45) (complete neuroendoscopic MVD) and the microscope group (n=42) (microscopic MVD) according to the treatment method each patient underwent. All the patients underwent MRI scanning, and the fractional anisotropy (FA) scores and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the neurovascular compression (NVC) sites were measured. The operation times, the treatment efficacy, the microstructural changes in the trigeminal nerve, the complications, and the recurrence and mortality rates at one year after the operations were compared.ResultsThe endoscopic group observed a superior therapeutic effect compared with the microscope group one year after the surgeries (P=0.046). After the surgeries, the endoscopic group observed a greater increase in their FA values and a larger decline in their ADC values than the microscope group did (P=0.014, 0.015, 0.011, 0.002). The complication rate in the endoscopic group was 11.11%, and the complication rate in the microscopic group was 30.95% (P=0.022). One year after the surgeries, we found a lower recurrence rate in the endoscopic group (P=0.001). The perforator vessels from the offending vessel to the outlet area of the durmedulla, the distances between the front edge of the bone window and the inner surfaces of the petrous part of the temporal bone ≥ the distance between the duration ≥ the duration of conventional MVD were independent risk factors for complications after MVD in the hemifacial spasm patients (P=0.001, 0.037, 0.023, 0.005).ConclusionComplete neuroendoscopic MV yields better long-term treatment outcomes than microscopic MVD, and it is more effective at improving the microstructure of the trigeminal nerve and has fewer postoperative complications.

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MRI Texture Analysis Reveals Brain Abnormalities in Medically Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia.

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MRI Texture Analysis Reveals Brain Abnormalities in Medically Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia.

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