Dataset Information

Prevalence and risk factors of acute kidney injury in polytrauma patients at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute, Tanzania.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Polytrauma can lead to multi-organ dysfunction in addition to the local injuries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common causes and contributors to the high morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of acute kidney injury in trauma patients is as reported to be as high as 40.3%. Early detection and management leads to better outcomes. The prevalence of AKI among polytrauma patients remains unknown in our setting.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study involving all adults with polytrauma who presented at the emergency department at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute (MOI) was designed. A score of ?18 on the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) screening tool was used to identify polytrauma patients. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria was used to identify patient with polytrauma who developed acute kidney injury. Descriptive statistics were then obtained followed by hypothesis testing between variables with the chi squared test. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with acute kidney injury.

Results

More than half (56.4%) of the patients were between 26 and 40 years and 92.3% of the polytrauma patients were males. Almost 2/5th (38.5%) of the polytrauma patients had acute kidney injury - half of these had stage 1 AKI, 33.3% had stage 2 AKI and the remaining 16.7% had stage 3 AKI. On multivariate logistic regression, it was found that patients who were older than 45 years (OR 8.53, CI 1.65-43.89, p = 0.01) and those patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) (OR 21.83, CI 1.66-286.2, p = 0.019) had higher risk of acute kidney injury.

Conclusion

There is high prevalence of AKI among polytrauma patients. Elderly patients and those with SIRS were seen to have higher likelihood of AKI.

SUBMITTER: Muhamedhussein MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7910187 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Prevalence and risk factors of acute kidney injury in polytrauma patients at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute, Tanzania.

Muhamedhussein Mohamed S MS Manji Mohamed M Nungu Kitugi S KS Ruggajo Paschal P Khalid Karima K

African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence 20201009 1

<h4>Background</h4>Polytrauma can lead to multi-organ dysfunction in addition to the local injuries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common causes and contributors to the high morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of acute kidney injury in trauma patients is as reported to be as high as 40.3%. Early detection and management leads to better outcomes. The prevalence of AKI among polytrauma patients remains unknown in our setting.<h4>Methodology</h4>A cross-sectional study involving all ...[more]

PMID: 33680725

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Project description:BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a recognized complication in critically ill patients. The epidemiology of AKI varies worldwide, depending on the diagnostic criteria used and the setting. The International Society of Nephrology has called for a reduction in preventable deaths from AKI to zero by the year 2025. It is suspected that the majority of AKI cases are in limited-resource countries, but the true burden of AKI in these settings remains unknown.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine, using standardized KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) criteria, the prevalence of AKI, associated factors, and clinical characteristics of adult (≥18 years) patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania.DesignProspective observational study from November 2017 to May 2018.MethodsIn all, 320 patients admitted to medical and surgical ICUs were consecutively enrolled. Baseline, clinical, and laboratory data were collected on admission and during their ICU stay. Serum creatinine and urine output were measured, and KDIGO criteria were used to determine AKI status.ResultsMore than half (55.3%) of ICU patients were diagnosed with AKI. Of these, 80% were diagnosed within 24 hours of admission. Acute kidney injury stage 3 accounted for 35% of patients with AKI. Patients with AKI were older, more likely to have cardiovascular comorbidities, and with higher baseline serum levels of creatinine, potassium, universal vital assessment admission scores, and total white cell count ≥12. Sepsis (odds ratio [OR] = 3.81; confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-11.99), diabetes (OR = 2.54; CI = 1.24-5.17), and use of vasopressors (OR = 3.78; CI = 1.36-10.54) were independently associated with AKI in multivariable logistic regression. Less than one-third of those who needed dialysis received it. There was 100% mortality in those who needed dialysis but did not receive (n = 19).LimitationsBeing based at a referral center, the findings do not represent the true burden of AKI in the community.ConclusionThe prevalence of AKI was very high in ICUs in Northern Tanzania. The majority of patients presented with AKI and were severely ill, suggesting late presentation, underscoring the importance of prioritizing prevention and early intervention. Further studies should explore locally suitable AKI risk scores that could be used to identify high-risk patients in the community health centers from where patients are referred.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Organ failure, including acute kidney injury (AKI), is the third leading cause of death after bleeding and brain injury in trauma patients. We sought to assess the prevalence, the risk factors and the impact of AKI on outcome after trauma. METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a multicenter trauma registry. AKI was defined according to the risk, injury, failure, loss of kidney function and end-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) classification from serum creatinine only. Prehospital and early hospital risk factors for AKI were identified using logistic regression analysis. The predictive models were internally validated using bootstrapping resampling technique. RESULTS:We included 3111 patients in the analysis. The incidence of AKI was 13% including 7% stage R, 3.7% stage I and 2.3% stage F. AKI incidence rose to 42.5% in patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock; 96% of AKI occurred within the 5 first days after trauma. In multivariate analysis, prehospital variables including minimum prehospital mean arterial pressure, maximum prehospital heart rate, secondary transfer to the trauma center and data early collected after hospital admission including injury severity score, renal trauma, blood lactate and hemorrhagic shock were independent risk factors in the models predicting AKI. The model had good discrimination with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 (0.82-0.88) to predict AKI stage I or F and 0.80 (0.77-0.83) to predict AKI of all stages. Rhabdomyolysis severity, assessed by the creatine kinase peak, was an additional independent risk factor for AKI when it was forced into the model (OR 1.041 (1.015-1.069) per step of 1000?U/mL, p <?0.001). AKI was independently associated with a twofold increase in ICU mortality. CONCLUSIONS:AKI has an early onset and is independently associated with mortality in trauma patients. Its prevalence varies by a factor 3 according to the severity of injuries and hemorrhage. Prehospital and early hospital risk factors can provide good performance for early prediction of AKI after trauma. Hence, studies aiming to prevent AKI should target patients at high risk of AKI and investigate therapies early in the course of trauma care.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most frequent extra-pulmonary organ failure in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with the development and severity of AKI in patients with ARDS. METHODS:This is a retrospective cohort study of ARDS patients without acute or chronic kidney disease prior to the onset of ARDS over a 7-year period (2010-2017). AKI and severity of AKI were defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes 2012 guidelines. RESULTS:Of the 634 ARDS patients, 357 patients met study criteria. A total of 244 (68.3%) patients developed AKI after ARDS onset: 60 (24.6%) had stage I AKI, 66 (27%) had stage II AKI, and 118 (48.4%) had stage III AKI. The median time of AKI onset for stage I AKI was 2 days (interquartile range, 1.5-5.5) while stage II and III AKI was 4 days. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with development of AKI were age [subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.02], SOFA score (SHR 1.16, 95%CI 1.12-1.21), a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (SHR 1.42, 95%CI 1.07-1.89), and arterial pH on day 1 of ARDS (SHR per 0.1 units decrease was 1.18, 95%CI 1.05-1.32). In severity of AKI, stage I AKI was associated with age (SHR 1.03, 95%CI 1.01-1.05) and serum bicarbonate on day 1 of ARDS (SHR 1.07, 95%CI 1.02-1.13). Stage II AKI was associated with age (SHR 1.03, 95%CI 1.01-1.05), serum bicarbonate on day 1 (SHR 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.18), SOFA score (SHR 1.19, 95%CI 1.10-1.30), history of heart failure (SHR 3.71, 95%CI 1.63-8.46), and peak airway pressure (SHR 1.04, 95%CI 1.00-1.07). Stage III AKI was associated with a higher BMI (SHR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00-1.03), a history of DM (SHR 1.79, 95%CI 1.18-2.72), SOFA score (SHR 1.29, 95%CI 1.22-1.36), and arterial pH on day 1 (SHR per 0.1 units decrease was 1.25, 95%CI 1.05-1.49). CONCLUSIONS:Age, a higher severity of illness, a history of diabetes, and acidosis were associated with development of AKI in ARDS patients. Severity of AKI was further associated with BMI, history of heart failure, and peak airway pressure.

Project description:BackgroundMalnutrition, inflammation, and the combination thereof are predictors of poor outcomes in haemodialysis patients. Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome (MICS) is an accelerator of atherosclerosis and portends high mortality. Early recognition and treatment of MICS may help to improve the clinical outlook of such patients. This study investigated the prevalence of MICS and its associated factors among patients on maintenance haemodialysis at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.MethodsThis was a prospective cross-sectional observational study done among 160 adult patients on maintenance haemodialysis at MNH in 2019. All participants provided written informed consent. Questionnaires were used to collect data and patients' blood was tested for complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, transferrin, creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, and albumin. The Malnutrition Inflammation Score was used to assess MICS and its severity. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 20 software.ResultsOf the 160 patients included in the study, 111 (69.4%) were male. The mean age (±SD) of patients and mean duration (±SD) on haemodialysis were 52.2(13.3) years and 22(18) months respectively. MICS was prevalent in 46.3% (mild in 24.4% and moderate to severe in 21.9%). Long-term haemodialysis (> 4 years) was an independent predictor of MICS [Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR 5.04 (95% CI: 1.33-19.2), p < 0.05]. Hypercholesterolaemia was a negative predictor of MICS [AOR 0.11 (95% CI: 0.01-0.97), p < 0.05]. Patients with MICS had significantly lower mean body mass index, serum albumin, total cholesterol, transferrin, haemoglobin, and creatinine levels. The presence of MICS was higher in underweight patients and those who had inflammation. Haemodialysis adequacy did not correlate with MICS.ConclusionMalnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome is relatively common among patients on haemodialysis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Our study has shown a longer duration on haemodialysis to be associated with the occurrence of MICS; on the contrary, having hypercholesterolaemia seems to be protective against MICS consistent with the concept of reverse epidemiology. Patients on haemodialysis should be assessed regularly for malnutrition and inflammation and should receive appropriate and timely treatment to reduce the burden of associated morbidity, and mortality to these patients.

Dataset Information

Prevalence and risk factors of acute kidney injury in polytrauma patients at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute, Tanzania.

Background

Methodology

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Prevalence and risk factors of acute kidney injury in polytrauma patients at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute, Tanzania.

Similar Datasets

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