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Impact of cigarette versus electronic cigarette aerosol conditioned media on aortic endothelial cells in a microfluidic cardiovascular model.

ABSTRACT: Atherosclerosis is a complex process involving progressive pathological events, including monocyte adhesion to the luminal endothelial surface. We have developed a functional in vitro adhesion assay using BioFlux microfluidic technology to investigate THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukaemia cell) monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The effect of whole smoke conditioned media (WSCM) generated from University of Kentucky reference cigarette 3R4F, electronic cigarette vapour conditioned media (eVCM) from an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) product (Vype ePen) and nicotine on monocyte adhesion to HAECs was evaluated. Endothelial monolayers were grown in microfluidic channels and exposed to 0-1500 ng/mL nicotine or nicotine equivalence of WSCM or eVCM for 24 h. Activated THP-1 cells were perfused through the channels and a perfusion, adhesion period and wash cycle performed four times with increasing adhesion period lengths (10, 20, 30 and 40 min). THP-1 cell adhesion was quantified by counting adherent cells. WSCM induced dose-dependent increases in monocyte adhesion compared to vehicle control. No such increases were observed for eVCM or nicotine. Adhesion regulation was linked to increased ICAM-1 protein expression. Staining of ICAM-1 in HAECs and CD11b (MAC-1) in THP-1 cells demonstrated adhesion molecule co-localisation in BioFlux plates. The ICAM-1 adhesion response to WSCM was downregulated by transfecting HAECs with ICAM-1 siRNA. We conclude that the BioFlux system is able to model human monocyte adhesion to primary human endothelial cells in vitro and WSCM drives the greatest increase in monocyte adhesion via a mechanism involving endothelial ICAM-1 expression.

SUBMITTER: Makwana O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7910588 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impact of cigarette versus electronic cigarette aerosol conditioned media on aortic endothelial cells in a microfluidic cardiovascular model.

Makwana Om O Smith Gina A GA Flockton Hannah E HE Watters Gary P GP Lowe Frazer F Breheny Damien D

Scientific reports 20210226 1

Atherosclerosis is a complex process involving progressive pathological events, including monocyte adhesion to the luminal endothelial surface. We have developed a functional in vitro adhesion assay using BioFlux microfluidic technology to investigate THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukaemia cell) monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The effect of whole smoke conditioned media (WSCM) generated from University of Kentucky reference cigarette 3R4F, electronic cigarette vapour ...[more]

PMID: 33637800

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Project description:IntroductionElectronic cigarettes (EC) have evolved rapidly toward higher powered devices that produce more vaping aerosol and a more satisfying vaping experience. This research characterized the particle size distribution and estimated the mass concentration of vaping aerosols produced at power outputs spanning the operating range typical of second generation variable voltage EC devices.MethodsEC aerosol was characterized from a single coil atomizer powered by a variable voltage EC battery at the minimum and maximum dial settings (3.3, 11.2 Watts, W), and a lab controlled power supply (3-11.9 W). Aerosol particle size distribution was measured by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, spanning 16 nm to 19.8 ?m. A mouth puff was simulated using a 100 mL glass syringe.ResultsConsistent with prior studies, sub-micron EC aerosol size distributions were bimodal, with peaks at 40 and 200 nm, however a previously unreported third mode was observed at approximately 1000 nm. The ~1000 nm mode accounted for 7-20x the aerosol mass of the smaller modes. Increasing atomizer power decreased count concentration of particles <600 nm but increased particle count >600 nm. Particle mass distribution shifted toward micron sized particles with increasing power and increased the respirable fraction of aerosol, likely due to increased coagulation and condensation around nano-sized particles.ConclusionsVaping power greatly affects EC aerosol count and mass distribution. Mouth puffed EC aerosol spans a much wider particle size range than previously reported, although the major portion of the mass is still well within the alveolar size range the larger particles will deposit within the oro-pharyngeal cavity at 2-3x greater efficiency than in alveoli. These observations have major clinical implications, as aerosol particle size distribution determines deposition sites along the respiratory tract. The results of this experiment stress the need for further research to inform the design, regulation and use of e-cigarette products.

Dataset Information

Impact of cigarette versus electronic cigarette aerosol conditioned media on aortic endothelial cells in a microfluidic cardiovascular model.

Publications

Impact of cigarette versus electronic cigarette aerosol conditioned media on aortic endothelial cells in a microfluidic cardiovascular model.

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