Dataset Information

Rodent Ectoparasites in the Middle East: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ABSTRACT: Rodents carry many ectoparasites, such as ticks, lice, fleas, and mites, which have potential public health importance. Middle Eastern countries are hotspots for many emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, such as plague, leishmaniasis, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Q fever, due to their ecological, socioeconomic, and political diversity. Rodent ectoparasites can act as vectors for many of these pathogens. Knowledge of rodent ectoparasites is of prime importance in controlling rodent ectoparasite-borne zoonotic diseases in this region. The current systematic review and meta-analysis performs a comprehensive synthesis of the available knowledge, providing an evidence-based overview of the ectoparasites detected on rodents in Middle Eastern countries. Following a systematic search in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science, a total of 113 published articles on rodent ectoparasites were studied and analyzed. A total of 87 rodent species were documented, from which Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus were found to be the most common. Fleas were the most reported ectoparasites (87 articles), followed by mites (53), ticks (44), and lice (25). Xenopsylla cheopis, Polyplax spinulosa, Ornithonyssus bacoti, and Hyalomma rhipicephaloides were the most commonly described fleas, lice, mites, and ticks, respectively. Based on the reviewed articles, the median flea, louse, mite, and tick indices were highest in Israel (4.15), Egypt (1.39), Egypt (1.27), and Saudi Arabia (1.17), respectively. Quantitative meta-analysis, using a random-effects model, determined the overall pooled flea prevalence in the Middle East as 40% (95% CI: 25-55, I² = 100%, p < 0.00001), ranging between 13% (95% CI: 0-30, I² = 95%, p < 0.00001) in Iran and 59% (95% CI: 42-77, I² = 75%, p < 0.00001) in Israel. The overall pooled louse prevalence was found to be 30% (95% CI: 13-47, I² = 100%, p < 0.00001), ranging between 25% in Iran (95% CI: 1-50, I² = 99%) and 38% in Egypt (95% CI: 7-68, I² = 100%). In the case of mites, the pooled prevalence in this region was 33% (95% CI: 11-55, I² = 100%, p < 0.00001), where the country-specific prevalence estimates were 30% in Iran (95% CI: 4-56, I² = 99%) and 32% in Egypt (95% CI: 0-76, I² = 100%). For ticks, the overall prevalence was found to be 25% (95% CI: 2-47, I² = 100%, p < 0.00001), ranging from 16% in Iran (95% CI: 7-25, I² = 74%) to 42% in Egypt (95% CI: 1-85, I² = 100%). The control of rodent ectoparasites should be considered to reduce their adverse effects. Using the One Health strategy, rodent control, and precisely control of the most common rodent species, i.e., Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus, should be considered to control the rodent-borne ectoparasites in this region.

SUBMITTER: Islam MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7911898 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rodent Ectoparasites in the Middle East: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Islam Md Mazharul MM Farag Elmoubashar E Eltom Khalid K Hassan Mohammad Mahmudul MM Bansal Devendra D Schaffner Francis F Medlock Jolyon M JM Al-Romaihi Hamad H Mkhize-Kwitshana Zilungile Z

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 20210131 2

Rodents carry many ectoparasites, such as ticks, lice, fleas, and mites, which have potential public health importance. Middle Eastern countries are hotspots for many emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, such as plague, leishmaniasis, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Q fever, due to their ecological, socioeconomic, and political diversity. Rodent ectoparasites can act as vectors for many of these pathogens. Knowledge of rodent ectoparasites is of prime importance in controlling rode ...[more]

PMID: 33572506

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Project description:Rodents can be a source of zoonotic helminths in the Middle East and also in other parts of the world. The current systematic review aimed to provide baseline data on rodent helminths to recognize the threats of helminth parasites on public health in the Middle East region. Following a systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, a total of 65 research studies on rodent cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes, which were conducted in the countries of the Middle East, were analyzed. The study identified 44 rodent species from which Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus were most common (63%) and recognized as the primary rodent hosts for helminth infestation in this region. Cestodes were the most frequently reported (n = 50), followed by nematodes (49), and trematodes (14). The random effect meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of cestode (57.66%, 95%CI: 34.63-80.70, l2% = 85.6, p < 0.001) was higher in Saudi Arabia, followed by nematode (56.24%, 95%CI: 11.40-101.1, l2% = 96.7, p < 0.001) in Turkey, and trematode (15.83%, 95%CI: 6.25-25.1, l2% = 98.5, p < 0.001) in Egypt. According to the overall prevalence estimates of individual studies, nematodes were higher (32.71%, 95%CI: 24.89-40.54, l2% = 98.6, p < 0.001) followed by cestodes (24.88%, 95%CI: 19.99-29.77, l2% = 94.9, p < 0.001) and trematodes (10.17%, 95%CI: 6.7-13.65, l2% = 98.3, p < 0.001) in the rodents of the Middle East countries. The review detected 22 species of helminths, which have zoonotic importance. The most frequent helminths were Capillaria hepatica, Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, and Cysticercus fasciolaris. There was no report of rodent-helminths from Bahrain, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Furthermore, there is an information gap on rodent helminths at the humans-animal interface level in Middle East countries. Through the One Health approach and countrywide detailed studies on rodent-related helminths along with their impact on public health, the rodent control program should be conducted in this region.

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Dataset Information

Rodent Ectoparasites in the Middle East: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Publications

Rodent Ectoparasites in the Middle East: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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