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Comparison of Cytokine Expression Profile in Chikungunya and Dengue Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Patients' Samples.

ABSTRACT: Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Dengue (DENV) viruses cause an acute febrile illness which is hard to clinically differentiate and treat since both exhibit similar symptoms. Hence, this study was aimed at identifying the expression profiles of cytokines on co-infected samples and compare with CHIKV and DENV mono-infected samples. Serum samples of 292 suspected patients during 2009-2011 were analyzed. The presence of primary (IgM)/secondary (IgG) antibodies and early NS1 Dengue antigens were confirmed by capture ELISA. Molecular diagnosis and serotypes were discriminated by RT-PCR, confirmed by sequencing. All the plasma samples were assayed for cytokine expression by BDTM cytometry bead array (CBA) and compared with independent mono-infection viral load. Among the tested samples, 82 were confirmed as Dengue positive; 52 through IgM (17.8%), and 30 through IgG (10.2%). Additionally, 186 samples were confirmed as Chikungunya, 96 through IgM (32.6%) and 92 through IgG (31.5%) ELISA, respectively. Interestingly, 19 patients were co-infection positive in which, only 6 were confirmed for CHIKV and 7 for DENV by RT-PCR. Among 8 cytokines, IL-2, IL-8, IFN?, IFN ?, and IL-12 were found to be significantly different between co-infected and CHIKV mono-infected patients and correlated with viral load. DENV viral load was correlated with cytokine expression and a significant difference in IL-2 and IL-12 was observed between DENV mono-infected and DENV and CHIKV co-infected patients. Results indicated that apart from serological and molecular confirmation, cytokines could be used as a specific biomarker for the diagnosis of DENV and CHIKV. In the future, the role of independent cytokines can be determined to understand the pathogenesis and etiology of these dreadful diseases.

SUBMITTER: Krishnan SM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7913810 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparison of Cytokine Expression Profile in Chikungunya and Dengue Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Patients' Samples.

Krishnan Saravana Murali SM Mahalingam Jayashri J Sabarimurugan Shanthi S Muthu Thiruvengadam T Venkidasamy Baskar B Krishnasamy Kaveri K Sharma Ashutosh A Ramalingam Sathishkumar S

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 20210204 2

Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Dengue (DENV) viruses cause an acute febrile illness which is hard to clinically differentiate and treat since both exhibit similar symptoms. Hence, this study was aimed at identifying the expression profiles of cytokines on co-infected samples and compare with CHIKV and DENV mono-infected samples. Serum samples of 292 suspected patients during 2009-2011 were analyzed. The presence of primary (IgM)/secondary (IgG) antibodies and early NS1 Dengue antigens were confirmed by ...[more]

PMID: 33557110

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Project description:BackgroundInfection by chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) can cause a wide spectrum of clinical features, many of which are undifferentiated. Cytokines, which broadly also include chemokines and growth factors, have been shown to play a role in protective immunity as well as DENV and CHIKV pathogenesis. However, differences in cytokine response to both viruses remain poorly understood, especially in patients from countries where both viruses are endemic. Our study is therefore aimed to provide a comparative profiling of cytokine response induced by acute DENV and CHIKV infections in patients with similar disease stages and in experimental in vitro infections.MethodsBy using multiplex immunoassay, we compared host cytokine profiles between acute CHIKV and DENV infections by analysing serum cytokine levels of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, RANTES, MCP-3, eotaxin, PDGF-AB/BB, and FGF-2 from the sera of acute chikungunya and dengue fever patients. We further investigated the cytokine profile responses using experimental in vitro CHIKV and DENV infections of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).ResultsWe found that both CHIKV and DENV-infected patients had an upregulated level of IL-8 and IL-4, with the highest IL-4 level observed in DENV-2 infected patients. Higher IL-8 level was also correlated with lower platelet count in dengue patients. IL-13 and MCP-3 downregulation was observed only in chikungunya patients, while conversely PDGF-AB/BB and FGF-2 downregulation was unique in dengue patients. Age-associated differential expression of IL-13, MCP-3, and IL-5 was also observed, while distinct kinetics of IL-4, IL-8, and FGF-2 expression between CHIKV and DENV-infected patients were identified. Furthermore, the unique pattern of IL-8, IL-13 and MCP-3, but not IL-4 expression was also recapitulated using experimental in vitro infection in PBMCs.ConclusionsTaken together, our study identified common cytokine response profile characterized by upregulation of IL-8 and IL-4 between CHIKV and DENV infection. Downregulation of IL-13 and MCP-3 was identified as a unique cytokine response profile of acute CHIKV infection, while distinct downregulation of PDGF-AB/BB and FGF-2 characterized the response from acute DENV infection. Our study provides an important overview of the host cytokine responses between CHIKV and DENV infection, which is important to further understand the mechanism and pathology of these diseases.

Dataset Information

Comparison of Cytokine Expression Profile in Chikungunya and Dengue Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Patients' Samples.

Publications

Comparison of Cytokine Expression Profile in Chikungunya and Dengue Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Patients' Samples.

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