Dataset Information

Whether Prolyl Hydroxylase Blocker-Roxadustat-In the Treatment of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Is the Future?

ABSTRACT: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), anemia develops gradually, which is primarily due to an inadequate synthesis of erythropoietin by the kidneys, as well as to iron disorders in the body, blood loss, shortened erythrocyte survival and inflammation. The currently accepted treatment employs iron, vitamin B12, folic acid supplementation and the use of erythropoiesis stimulants, which are administered only parenterally. Research is currently underway on the new erythropoiesis drugs that can be orally administered, i.e., hypoxia-inducible factor-propyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) inhibitors which temporarily block propyl hydroxylase [PHD] catalysis and promote a transient increase in the expression of genes regulated by HIF, including kidney and liver erythropoietin [EPO]. Roxadustat is the first oral drug in this class and a potent HIF-PHD inhibitor, exerted to treat anemia in patients with CKD. In phase 1, 2 and 3 studies with CKD-affected patients, roxadustat was more effective to stimulate erythropoiesis for anemia correction than previously used drugs. Roxadustat can be orally given, unlike other erythropoiesis drugs with parenteral administration only, which grants roxadustat a considerable advantage. Our paper presents the results of studies with roxadustat applied for the treatment of anemia in CKD patients with or without dialysis. We are currently not yet able to know the exact role of roxadustat in the treatment of anemia in patients with CKD, but time will tell. It is possible that roxadustat has benefits an iron metabolism and cardiovascular risk.

SUBMITTER: Grzeszczak W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7914880 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Whether Prolyl Hydroxylase Blocker-Roxadustat-In the Treatment of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Is the Future?

Grzeszczak Władysław W Szczyra Dariusz D Śnit Mirosław M

International journal of environmental research and public health 20210208 4

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), anemia develops gradually, which is primarily due to an inadequate synthesis of erythropoietin by the kidneys, as well as to iron disorders in the body, blood loss, shortened erythrocyte survival and inflammation. The currently accepted treatment employs iron, vitamin B12, folic acid supplementation and the use of erythropoiesis stimulants, which are administered only parenterally. Research is currently underway on the new erythropoiesis drugs that ...[more]

PMID: 33567688

Similar Datasets

Project description:Background and objectivesRoxadustat (FG-4592), an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stimulates erythropoiesis, regulates iron metabolism, and reduces hepcidin, was evaluated in this phase 2b study for safety, efficacy, optimal dose, and dose frequency in patients with nondialysis CKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThe 145 patients with nondialysis CKD and hemoglobin ≤10.5 g/dl were randomized into one of six cohorts of approximately 24 patients each with varying roxadustat starting doses (tiered weight and fixed amounts) and frequencies (two and three times weekly) followed by hemoglobin maintenance with roxadustat one to three times weekly. Treatment duration was 16 or 24 weeks. Intravenous iron was prohibited. The primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving hemoglobin increase of ≥1.0 g/dl from baseline and hemoglobin of ≥11.0 g/dl by week 17 (16 weeks of treatment). Secondary analyses included mean hemoglobin change from baseline, iron utilization, and serum lipids. Safety was evaluated by frequency/severity of adverse events.ResultsOf the 145 patients enrolled, 143 were evaluable for efficacy. Overall, 92% of patients achieved hemoglobin response. Higher compared with lower starting doses led to earlier achievement of hemoglobin response. Roxadustat-induced hemoglobin increases were independent of baseline C-reactive protein levels and iron repletion status. Overall, over the first 16 treatment weeks, hepcidin levels decreased by 16.9% (P=0.004), reticulocyte hemoglobin content was maintained, and hemoglobin increased by a mean (±SD) of 1.83 (±0.09) g/dl (P<0.001). Overall mean total cholesterol level was reduced by a mean (±SD) of 26 (±30) mg/dl (P<0.001) after 8 weeks of therapy, independent of the use of statins or other lipid-lowering agents. No drug-related serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsIn patients with nondialysis CKD who were anemic, various starting dose regimens of roxadustat were well tolerated and achieved anemia correction with reduced serum hepcidin levels. After anemia correction, hemoglobin was maintained by roxadustat at various dose frequencies without intravenous iron supplementation.

Project description:Background and objectivesRoxadustat is an orally active hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor for anemia in chronic kidney disease. The pharmacokinetics, metabolic profile, and pharmacodynamics of roxadustat were investigated in subjects with different degrees of kidney function.MethodsThis phase 1 open-label study enrolled subjects with normal and severely impaired kidney function, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) or hemodialysis/hemodiafiltration (HD/HDF). All subjects received a single 100-mg dose of oral roxadustat. Within a single-sequence, two-treatment period design (P1/P2), subjects with ESRD on HD/HDF received roxadustat 2 h after (P1) and 2 h before (P2) a dialysis session. Area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from administration to infinity (AUCinf), maximum concentration (Cmax), and terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) were assessed for roxadustat; AUC and Cmax were assessed for erythropoietin.ResultsThirty-four subjects were enrolled and received roxadustat (normal kidney function, n = 12; severely impaired kidney function, n = 9; ESRD on CAPD/APD, n = 1; ESRD on HD/HDF, n = 12). The geometric least-square mean ratio of AUCinf was 223% and 195% in subjects with severely impaired kidney function and ESRD on HD/HDF, respectively, relative to subjects with normal kidney function; Cmax and t1/2 were comparable. The pharmacokinetic profile of roxadustat was not affected by HD/HDF. AUCinf and t1/2 for the metabolites of roxadustat increased in subjects with kidney impairment. The AUC and Cmax of erythropoietin increased in subjects with severely impaired kidney function or ESRD on HD/HDF. Roxadustat was well tolerated.ConclusionsKidney function impairment increased the AUC of roxadustat and its metabolites. The Cmax and t1/2 of roxadustat were comparable among groups. Roxadustat and its metabolites were not cleared by HD/HDF. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT02965040.

Dataset Information

Whether Prolyl Hydroxylase Blocker-Roxadustat-In the Treatment of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Is the Future?

Publications

Whether Prolyl Hydroxylase Blocker-Roxadustat-In the Treatment of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Is the Future?

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets