Dataset Information

Gut Microbiota Profile in Children with IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy and Cow's Milk Sensitization and Probiotic Intestinal Persistence Evaluation.

ABSTRACT: Food allergy (FA) and, in particular, IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy is associated with compositional and functional changes of gut microbiota. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota of cow's milk allergic (CMA) infants with that of cow's milk sensitized (CMS) infants and Healthy controls. The effect of the intake of a mixture of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BB536, Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M-63 on gut microbiota modulation of CMA infants and probiotic persistence was also investigated. Gut microbiota of CMA infants resulted to be characterized by a dysbiotic status with a prevalence of some bacteria as Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Prevotella, Actinobacillus and Streptococcus. Among the three strains administered, B.longum subsp. infantis colonized the gastrointestinal tract and persisted in the gut microbiota of infants with CMA for 60 days. This colonization was associated with perturbations of the gut microbiota, specifically with the increase of Akkermansia and Ruminococcus. Multi-strain probiotic formulations can be studied for their persistence in the intestine by monitoring specific bacterial probes persistence and exploiting microbiota profiling modulation before the evaluation of their therapeutic effects.

SUBMITTER: Mennini M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7915344 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Gut Microbiota Profile in Children with IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy and Cow's Milk Sensitization and Probiotic Intestinal Persistence Evaluation.

Mennini Maurizio M Reddel Sofia S Del Chierico Federica F Gardini Simone S Quagliariello Andrea A Vernocchi Pamela P Valluzzi Rocco Luigi RL Fierro Vincenzo V Riccardi Carla C Napolitano Tania T Fiocchi Alessandro Giovanni AG Putignani Lorenza L

International journal of molecular sciences 20210206 4

Food allergy (FA) and, in particular, IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy is associated with compositional and functional changes of gut microbiota. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota of cow's milk allergic (CMA) infants with that of cow's milk sensitized (CMS) infants and Healthy controls. The effect of the intake of a mixture of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BB536, Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M-63 on gu ...[more]

PMID: 33562104

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Project description:Cow's milk allergy is a worldwide public health issue, especially since there is no effective treatment, apart from milk and dairy product avoidance. The aim of this study was to assess the beneficial role of three probiotic strains previously selected for their prophylactic properties in a mouse model of β-lactoglobulin allergy. Administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA305, L. salivarius LA307, or Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis LA308 for 3 weeks post-sensitization and challenge modified the composition of the gut microbiota, with an increase in the Prevotella NK3B31 group and a decrease in Marvinbryantia, belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family. Although no impact on markers of sensitization was detected, modifications of foxp3, tgfβ, and il10 ileal gene expression, as well as plasma metabolomic alterations in the tryptophan pathway, were observed. Moreover, ex vivo studies showed that all probiotic strains induced significant decreases in cytokine production by β-lactoglobulin-stimulated splenocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that the three probiotic strains tested lead to alterations in immune responses, i.e., induction of a tolerogenic anergy and anti-inflammatory responses. This anergy could be linked to cecal microbiota modifications, although no impact on fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations was detected. Anergy could also be linked to a direct impact of probiotic strains on dendritic cells, since costimulatory molecule expression was decreased following coincubation of these strains with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). To conclude, all three candidate probiotic strains induced strain-specific gut microbiota and metabolic changes, which could potentially be beneficial for general health, as well as anergy, which could contribute to oral tolerance acquisition.IMPORTANCE We showed previously that three probiotic strains, i.e., Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA305, L. salivarius LA307, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis LA308, exerted different preventive effects in a mouse model of cow's milk allergy. In this study, we evaluated their potential benefits in a curative mouse model of cow's milk allergy. When administered for 3 weeks after the sensitization process and a first allergic reaction, none of the strains modified the levels of sensitization and allergic markers. However, all three strains affected gut bacterium communities and modified immune and inflammatory responses, leading to a tolerogenic profile. Interestingly, all three strains exerted a direct effect on dendritic cells, which are known to play a major role in food sensitization through their potentially tolerogenic properties and anergic responses. Taken together, these data indicate a potentially beneficial role of the probiotic strains tested in this model of cow's milk allergy with regard to tolerance acquisition.

Project description:Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common allergy in the first year of life. Non-IgE mediated CMPA is characterized by digestive symptoms and tolerance development before the age of three. Gut microbiota composition in early life has been associated with food allergy. The ingestion of different foods/nutrients may mark different shifts in the microbial colonization of the infant intestine as well as the consumption of probiotics. Aim: To analyze changes in microbiota composition and metabolic and cytokine profiles in fecal samples from infants with non-IgE mediated CMPA after successful milk challenges, tolerance acquisition, and increasing dairy introduction in their diet. Methods: Twelve children with CMPA, aged between 1 and 2 years old, were recruited for the study. Participants were initially consuming hypoallergenic hydrolyzed formulas (four of them supplemented with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG), before being exposed to a standardized oral challenge (SOC) with cow's milk. Fecal samples were collected before, 1 week, and 1 month after performing the SOC. Changes in gut microbiota were determined by high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Levels of lactobacilli were also determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Microbial metabolites were analyzed by chromatographic methods and fecal cytokines related to the Th1/Th2 balance were determined by immunoassay. Results: Lactic acid bacteria significantly increased in infants who outgrew non-IgE CMPA, after the introduction of milk. Microbial metabolites derived from the fermentation of proteins, such as branched chain fatty acids, and p-cresol, diminished. After the SOC, some cytokines related to inflammation (TNF-α, IFN-γ) increased. Accompanying the introduction of an unrestricted diet, we found significant differences in fecal microbial composition, metabolites, and cytokines between infants who did not consume the probiotic L. rhamnosus GG and those that did. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the introduction of intact milk proteins is followed by modifications in the infant gut environment through changes in immune mediators, microbiota, and its metabolic end-products. Consumption of probiotics during CMPA may contribute to gut homeostasis by fine-tuning these profiles.

Project description:Importance:Cow's milk formula (CMF) is used to supplement breastfeeding (BF) at birth without clear clinical evidence to support the practice. Objective:To determine whether avoiding supplementation with CMF at birth can decrease risks of sensitization to cow's milk protein and/or clinical food allergy, including cow's milk allergy (CMA), overall and in subgroups stratified by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels. Design, Setting, and Participants:The Atopy Induced by Breastfeeding or Cow's Milk Formula (ABC) trial, a randomized, nonblinded clinical trial, began enrollment October 1, 2013, and completed follow-up May 31, 2018, at a single university hospital in Japan. Participants included 330 newborns at risk for atopy; of these, 312 were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from September 1 through October 31, 2018. Interventions:Immediately after birth, newborns were randomized (1:1 ratio) to BF with or without amino acid-based elemental formula (EF) for at least the first 3 days of life (BF/EF group) or BF supplemented with CMF (?5 mL/d) from the first day of life to 5 months of age (BF plus CMF group). Main Outcomes and Measures:The primary outcome was sensitization to cow's milk (IgE level, ?0.35 allergen units [UA]/mL) at the infant's second birthday. Secondary outcomes were immediate and anaphylactic types of food allergy, including CMA, diagnosed by oral food challenge test or triggered by food ingestion, with food-specific IgE levels of at least 0.35 UA/mL. Subgroup analysis was prespecified by tertiles of serum 25(OH)D levels at 5 months of age. Results:Of the 312 infants included in the analysis (160 female [51.3%] and 152 male [48.7%]), 151 of 156 (96.8%) in the BF/EF and BF plus CMF groups were followed up until their second birthday. The primary outcome occurred in 24 infants (16.8%) in the BF/EF group, which was significantly fewer than the 46 infants (32.2%) in the BF plus CMF group (relative risk [RR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.34-0.81). The middle tertile of the 25(OH)D subgroup, but not the low and high tertiles, had a significant interaction with the intervention (RR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07-0.50; P?=?.02). The prevalence of food allergy at the second birthday was significantly lower in the BF/EF than in the BF plus CMF groups for immediate (4 [2.6%] vs 20 [13.2%]; RR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.07-0.57) and anaphylactic (1 [0.7%] vs 13 [8.6%]; RR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01-0.58) types. Conclusions and Relevance:The evidence suggests that sensitization to cow's milk and food allergy, including CMA and anaphylaxis, are primarily preventable by avoiding CMF supplementation for at least the first 3 days of life. Trial Registration:http://umin.ac.jp Identifier: UMIN000011577.

Dataset Information

Gut Microbiota Profile in Children with IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy and Cow's Milk Sensitization and Probiotic Intestinal Persistence Evaluation.

Publications

Gut Microbiota Profile in Children with IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy and Cow's Milk Sensitization and Probiotic Intestinal Persistence Evaluation.

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