Dataset Information

Na⁺ and/or Cl^- Toxicities Determine Salt Sensitivity in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), and Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

ABSTRACT: Grain legumes are important crops, but they are salt sensitive. This research dissected the responses of four (sub)tropical grain legumes to ionic components (Na⁺ and/or Cl^-) of salt stress. Soybean, mungbean, cowpea, and common bean were subjected to NaCl, Na⁺ salts (without Cl^-), Cl^- salts (without Na⁺), and a "high cation" negative control for 57 days. Growth, leaf gas exchange, and tissue ion concentrations were assessed at different growing stages. For soybean, NaCl and Na⁺ salts impaired seed dry mass (30% of control), more so than Cl^- salts (60% of control). All treatments impaired mungbean growth, with NaCl and Cl^- salt treatments affecting seed dry mass the most (2% of control). For cowpea, NaCl had the greatest adverse impact on seed dry mass (20% of control), while Na⁺ salts and Cl^- salts had similar intermediate effects (~45% of control). For common bean, NaCl had the greatest adverse effect on seed dry mass (4% of control), while Na⁺ salts and Cl^- salts impaired seed dry mass to a lesser extent (~45% of control). NaCl and Na⁺ salts (without Cl^-) affected the photosynthesis (P_n) of soybean more than Cl^- salts (without Na⁺) (50% of control), while the reverse was true for mungbean. Na⁺ salts (without Cl^-), Cl^- salts (without Na⁺), and NaCl had similar adverse effects on P_n of cowpea and common bean (~70% of control). In conclusion, salt sensitivity is predominantly determined by Na⁺ toxicity in soybean, Cl^- toxicity in mungbean, and both Na⁺ and Cl^- toxicity in cowpea and common bean.

SUBMITTER: Le LTT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7918652 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Na+ and/or Cl- Toxicities Determine Salt Sensitivity in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), and Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Le Ly Thi Thanh LTT Kotula Lukasz L Siddique Kadambot H M KHM Colmer Timothy D TD

International journal of molecular sciences 20210214 4

Grain legumes are important crops, but they are salt sensitive. This research dissected the responses of four (sub)tropical grain legumes to ionic components (Na+ and/or Cl-) of salt stress. Soybean, mungbean, cowpea, and common bean were subjected to NaCl, Na+ salts (without Cl-), Cl- salts (without Na+), and a "high cation" negative control for 57 days. Growth, leaf gas exchange, and tissue ion concentrations were assessed at di ...[more]

PMID: 33673022

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Project description:BackgroundCowpea is the most important food grain legume in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, no study has so far assessed rhizobial biodiversity and/or nodule functioning in relation to strain IGS types at the continent level. In this study, 9 cowpea genotypes were planted in field experiments in Botswana, South Africa and Ghana with the aim of i) trapping indigenous cowpea root-nodule bacteria (cowpea "rhizobia") in the 3 countries for isolation, molecular characterisation using PCR-RFLP analysis, and sequencing of the 16S - 23S rDNA IGS gene, ii) quantifying N-fixed in the cowpea genotypes using the 15N natural abundance technique, and iii) relating the levels of nodule functioning (i.e. N-fixed) to the IGS types found inside nodules.ResultsField measurements of N2 fixation revealed significant differences in plant growth, delta15N values, %Ndfa and amounts of N-fixed between and among the 9 cowpea genotypes in Ghana and South Africa. Following DNA analysis of 270 nodules from the 9 genotypes, 18 strain IGS types were found. Relating nodule function to the 18 IGS types revealed significant differences in IGS type N2-fixing efficiencies. Sequencing the 16S - 23S rDNA gene also revealed 4 clusters, with cluster 2 forming a distinct group that may be a new Bradyrhizobium species. Taken together, our data indicated greater biodiversity of cowpea bradyrhizobia in South Africa relative to Botswana and Ghana.ConclusionsWe have shown that cowpea is strongly dependant on N2 fixation for its N nutrition in both South Africa and Ghana. Strain IGS type symbiotic efficiency was assessed for the first time in this study, and a positive correlation was discernible where there was sole nodule occupancy. The differences in IGS type diversity and symbiotic efficiency probably accounts for the genotype x environment interaction that makes it difficult to select superior genotypes for use across Africa. The root-nodule bacteria nodulating cowpea in this study all belonged to the genus Bradyrhizobium. Some strains from Southern Africa were phylogenetically very distinct, suggesting a new Bradyrhizobium species.

Dataset Information

Na⁺ and/or Cl^- Toxicities Determine Salt Sensitivity in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), and Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Publications

Na<sup>+</sup> and/or Cl<sup>-</sup> Toxicities Determine Salt Sensitivity in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) <i>Merr.</i>), Mungbean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) R. Wilczek), Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> (L.) <i>Walp.</i>), and Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.).

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