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SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 individuals.

ABSTRACT: Characterization of the T cell response in individuals who recover from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is critical to understanding its contribution to protective immunity. A multiplexed peptide-MHC tetramer approach was used to screen 408 SARS-CoV-2 candidate epitopes for CD8+ T cell recognition in a cross-sectional sample of 30 coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent individuals. T cells were evaluated using a 28-marker phenotypic panel, and findings were modelled against time from diagnosis and from humoral and inflammatory responses. There were 132 SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses detected across 6 different HLAs, corresponding to 52 unique epitope reactivities. CD8+ T cell responses were detected in almost all convalescent individuals and were directed against several structural and nonstructural target epitopes from the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome. A unique phenotype for SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was observed that was distinct from other common virus-specific T cells detected in the same cross-sectional sample and characterized by early differentiation kinetics. Modelling demonstrated a coordinated and dynamic immune response characterized by a decrease in inflammation, increase in neutralizing antibody titer, and differentiation of a specific CD8+ T cell response. Overall, T cells exhibited distinct differentiation into stem cell and transitional memory states (subsets), which may be key to developing durable protection.

SUBMITTER: Kared H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7919723 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Pre-existing memory T-cells against SARS-CoV-2 are present in a fraction of unexposed individuals and their induction by common cold corona viruses (CCCoVs) infection is suggested. Here we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2-reactive T-cells were present in the memory compartment of virtually all unexposed individuals but possessed only low functional avidity. They harbored multiple, highly variable cross-reactivities that were not restricted to CCCoVs. Cross-reactivity to CCCoV was almost absent in COVID-19 patients. This was irrespective of strong T-cell memory against CCCoV in all donors. In severe but not mild COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells also displayed low functional avidity and reduced clonal expansion, despite strongly increased frequencies. Our data question a major protective role of CCCoV for COVID-19. Instead, we suggest that a low avidity pre-existing T-cell memory may contribute to the excessive but low avidity T-cell responses, which we identified here as a hallmark of severe COVID-19.

2020-12-23 | GSE162086 | GEO

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