Genomic and Pathologic Findings for Prototheca cutis Infection in Cat.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Maboni G
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7920651 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:NBRP: Genome sequencing of Prototheca cutis JCM 15793
| PRJDB3669 | ENA
Project description:Prototheca cutis strain:20-25310 Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA626603 | ENA
Project description:A cat was referred because of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Close examinations revealed a swollen abdominal lymph node and multiple nodules of the liver. Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis infection was confirmed by culture and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of samples recovered from the liver and bronchoalveolar lavage. After administration of combination antibiotics for 6 months, culture results were negative. Though atonic seizures were observed during the treatment, it disappeared after isoniazid discontinuation and pyridoxal phosphate administration. On day 771 of illness, no clinical signs, lung diseases, or obvious swelling of lymph nodes was observed. This is the first report to confirm Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis infection in cats through gene analysis and to completely cure it with combination antibiotics.
| S-EPMC6943314 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Coccidioidomycosis in nonhuman primates has been sporadically reported in the literature. This study describes 22 cases of coccidioidomycosis in nonhuman primates within an endemic region, and 79 cases of coccidioidomycosis from the veterinary literature are also reviewed. The 22 cases included baboons ( n = 10), macaques ( n = 9), and chimpanzees ( n = 3). The majority died or were euthanized following episodes of dyspnea, lethargy, or neurologic and locomotion abnormalities. The lungs were most frequently involved followed by the vertebral column and abdominal organs. Microscopic examination revealed granulomatous inflammation accompanied by fungal spherules variably undergoing endosporulation. Baboons represented a large number of cases presented here and had a unique presentation with lesions in bone or thoracic organs, but none had both intrathoracic and extrathoracic lesions. Although noted in 3 cases in the literature, cutaneous infections were not observed among the 22 contemporaneous cases. Similarly, subclinical infections were only rarely observed (2 cases). This case series and review of the literature illustrates that coccidioidomycosis in nonhuman primates reflects human disease with a varied spectrum of presentations from localized lesions to disseminated disease.
| S-EPMC6385601 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:In 2012, the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics proposed that lupus nephritis, in the presence of positive ANA or anti-dsDNA antibody, is sufficient to diagnose SLE. However, this "stand-alone" kidney biopsy criterion is problematic because the ISN/RPS classification does not specifically define lupus nephritis. We investigated the combination of pathologic features with optimal sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of lupus nephritis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS:Three hundred consecutive biopsies with lupus nephritis and 560 contemporaneous biopsies with nonlupus glomerulopathies were compared. Lupus nephritis was diagnosed if there was a clinical diagnosis of SLE and kidney biopsy revealed findings compatible with lupus nephritis. The control group consisted of consecutives biopsies showing diverse glomerulopathies from patients without SLE, including IgA nephropathy, membranous glomerulopathy, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (excluding C3 GN), and infection-related glomerulonephritis. Sensitivity and specificity of individual pathologic features and combinations of features were computed. RESULTS:Five characteristic features of lupus nephritis were identified: "full-house" staining by immunofluorescence, intense C1q staining, extraglomerular deposits, combined subendothelial and subepithelial deposits, and endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions, each with sensitivity ranging from 0.68 to 0.80 and specificity from 0.8 to 0.96. The presence of at least two, three, or four of the five criteria had a sensitivity of 0.92, 0.8, and 0.66 for the diagnosis of lupus nephritis, and a specificity of 0.89, 0.95, and 0.98. CONCLUSIONS:In conclusion, combinations of pathologic features can distinguish lupus nephritis from nonlupus glomerulopathies with high specificity and varying sensitivity. Even with stringent criteria, however, rare examples of nonlupus glomerulopathies may exhibit characteristic features of lupus nephritis.
| S-EPMC6832038 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the most common cause of mortality in lung transplant recipients after the 1st year of transplantation. CLAD has traditionally been classified into two distinct obstructive and restrictive forms: bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive allograft syndrome. However, CLAD may manifest with a spectrum of imaging and pathologic findings and a combination of obstructive and restrictive physiologic abnormalities. Although the initial CT manifestations of CLAD may be nonspecific, the progression of findings at follow-up should signal the possibility of CLAD and may be present on imaging studies prior to the development of functional abnormalities of the lung allograft. This review encompasses the evolution of CT findings in CLAD, with emphasis on the underlying pathogenesis and pathologic condition, to enhance understanding of imaging findings. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the radiologist with the initial and follow-up CT findings of the obstructive, restrictive, and mixed forms of CLAD, for which early diagnosis and treatment may result in improved survival. Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2021.
| S-EPMC7978021 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide. Recent evidence raised the question about the possibility that cats may be a domestic host for SARS-CoV-2 with unknown implications in disease dissemination. Based on the fact that the domestic cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, are abundant ectoparasites infesting humans, companion animals and wildlife and that coronavirus-like agents have been identified in the ectoparasite tick vector, Ixodes uriae of seabirds, herein we considered the presence of coronaviruses in general and SARS-CoV-2 in particular in C. felis. We identified coronavirus-derived and cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme RNA/proteins in C. felis. Although current evidence suggests that pets are probably dead-end-hosts with small risk of transmission to humans, our results suggested that cat flea may act as biological and/or mechanical vectors of SARS-CoV. Although preliminary, these results indicate a possibility of ectoparasites acting as reservoirs and vectors of SARS-CoV and related beta-coronavirus although with little disease risk due to systemic transmission route, low viremia, virus attenuation or other unknown factors. These results support the need to further study the role of animal SARS-CoV-2 hosts and their ectoparasite vectors in COVID-19 disease spread.
| S-EPMC7416815 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Injuries of the deltoid ligament of the ankle are increasingly recognized with the widespread use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The use of higher magnetic field strengths requires familiarity with the anatomic substructure of the deltoid ligament to better localize and characterize pathologic findings. Specifically, improved image resolution allows components of the superficial (tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, posterior superficial tibiotalar, and tibiospring ligaments) and deep (anterior tibiotalar and posterior deep tibiotalar ligaments) portions of the ligament to be evaluated separately. Awareness of the deltoid ligament substructure and associated injury patterns can guide the radiologist in defining underlying mechanical derangement, such as that seen in various impingement disorders. In this review article, the MR imaging technique for the deltoid ligament is summarized, and the normal and abnormal MR imaging appearances of various components of the deltoid ligament and associated impingement syndromes are presented.
| S-EPMC2868501 | biostudies-other
Project description:Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare angiocentric and angiodestructive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. It is hypothesized that these patients have dysregulated immune surveillance of EBV. We reviewed the biopsies of 55 patients with LYG who were referred for a prospective trial at the National Cancer Institute (1995 to 2010) and evaluated the histologic, immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization, and molecular findings of these biopsies in conjunction with clinical information. Grading of the lesions was based on morphologic features and the number of EBV-positive B cells. The median age was 46 years (M:F 2.2:1). Clinically, all patients had lung involvement (100%), with the next most common site being the central nervous system (38%). No patient had nodal or bone marrow disease. All patients had past EBV exposure by serology but with a low median EBV viral load. We reviewed 122 biopsies; the most common site was lung (73%), followed by skin/subcutaneous tissue (17%); other sites included kidney, nasal cavity, gastrointestinal tract, conjunctiva, liver, and adrenal gland. Histologically, the lesions showed angiocentricity, were rich in T cells, had large atypical B cells, and were positive for EBV. Grading was performed predominantly on the lung biopsy at diagnosis; they were distributed as follows: LYG grade 1 (30%), grade 2 (22%), and grade 3 (48%). Necrosis was seen in all grades, with a greater degree in high-grade lesions. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement studies were performed, and a higher percentage of clonal rearrangements were seen in LYG grade 2 (50%) and grade 3 (69%) as compared with grade 1 (8%). LYG is a distinct entity that can usually be differentiated from other EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders on the basis of the combination of clinical presentation, histology, and EBV studies. Grading of these lesions is important because it dictates the treatment choice.
| S-EPMC4293220 | biostudies-literature