Decline of Tuberculosis Burden in Vietnam Measured by Consecutive National Surveys, 2007-2017.
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SUBMITTER: Nguyen HV
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7920672 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. The formulation or evaluation on prevention strategies all require an accurate understanding of the burden for cervical cancer burden. We aimed to report the up-to-date estimates of cervical cancer burden at global, regional, and national levels.MethodsData were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 study. The counts, age-standardized rates, and percentage changes of incidence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and death attributed to cervical cancer at the global, regional, and national levels in all 195 countries and territories from 21 regions during 2007 to 2017 by age and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) were measured. All estimates were reported with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).ResultsIn 2017, 601,186 (95% UI 554,455 to 625,402) incident cases of cervical cancer were reported worldwide, which caused 8,061,667 (7,527,014 to 8,401,647) DALYs and 259,671 (241,128 to 269,214) deaths. The age-standardized rates for incidence, DALYs and death decreased by - 2.8% (- 7.8% to 0.6%), - 7.1% [- 11.8% to - 3.9%] and - 6.9% [- 11.5% to - 3.7%] from 2007 to 2017, respectively. The highest age-standardized incidence, DALYs and death rates in 2017 were observed in the low SDI quintile, Oceania, Central and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa. During 2007 to 2017, only East Asia showed increase in these rates despite not significant. At the national level, the highest age-standardized rates for incidence, DALYs, and death in 2017 were observed in Kiribati, Somalia, Eritrea, and Central African Republic; and Georgia showed the largest increases in all these rates during 2007 to 2017.ConclusionAlthough the age-standardized rates for incidence, DALYs, and death of cervical cancer have decreased in most parts of the world from 2007 to 2017, cervical cancer remains a major public health concern in view of the absolute number of cervical cancer cases, DALYs, and deaths increased during this period. The challenge is more prone to in the low SDI quintile, Oceania, Central and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, and some countries, suggesting an urgent to promote human papillomavirus vaccination in these regions.
| S-EPMC8684284 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMonitoring of HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention is important for guiding national sexual health programmes for both the general population and key populations. The objectives of this study were to examine trends and patterns of condom use at last intercourse and lifetime HIV testing in 2007, 2012 and 2017 in Switzerland, and to explore factors associated with these behaviours in men and women with opposite-sex partners and with same sex partners.MethodsWe analysed data from the 2007, 2012 and 2017 Swiss Health Survey. For each time point, outcome and population group, we conducted a descriptive analysis of weighted data and conducted multivariable logistic regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and compared outcomes between the timepoints.ResultsIn total, 46,320 people were interviewed: 21,847 men and 23,141 women, who reported having sex only with partners of the opposite sex, 633 men who reported sex with a male partner and 699 women who reported sex with a female partner. Among the three surveys the prevalence of condom did not change but varied from 22 to 26% of men and 15 to 21% in women with only opposite-sex partners (aOR men, 0.93, 95% CI 0.82, 1.06; women 0.98, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.11). In men with any same sex partner the prevalence of condom use was 40% in 2007, 33% in 2012 and 54% in 2017 (aOR 1.80, 95% CI 0.97, 3.34). In multivariable analysis, the factor most strongly associated with condom use was sex with an occasional partner at last intercourse. HIV testing ever increased across all three survey years in people with opposite sex partners: 2017 vs. 2007, aOR men with only opposite-sex partners 1.64 (95% CI 1.49, 1.82), women with only opposite-sex partners 1.67 (1.51, 1.85), men with any same sex partner 0.98 (0.49, 1.96), women with any same sex partner 1.31 (0.74, 2.30).ConclusionsMonitoring of condom use, and HIV testing should continue and contribute to the development of the national sexual health programme. Stronger promotion of condoms for people with opposite-sex partners might be needed, since overall condom use at last intercourse has not changed since 2007.
| S-EPMC10625239 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo know the current status of the epidemiological and geographic distribution of tuberculosis and its complication meningeal tuberculosis in Mexico, this work analyzes national surveillance data (ten years) issued by the General Directorate of Epidemiology (GDE).MethodsAn observational and retrospective analysis of monthly and annual reports of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis cases from January 2007 to December 2017 was performed on the annual reports issued by the GDE in Mexico. The number of cases and incidence were classified by year, state, age group, gender, and seasons.ResultsA national case distribution map of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis incidence was generated. During this period, a total of 184,003 and 3,388 cases were reported with a median of 16,727.5 and 308 cases per year for pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis diseases, respectively. The number of cases and incidence of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis per year showed that male gender presented a continuous increase in both parameters. The geographic analysis of the distribution of cases of tuberculosis showed that states like Guerrero, Tabasco, and Veracruz presented higher means of tuberculosis cases during this period. Northern states had the highest number of cases in the country compared to other states. In Mexico, pulmonary tuberculosis and meningeal tuberculosis are seasonal. Interestingly, cases of meningeal tuberculosis show an increase during October and November (autumn).ConclusionsIn Mexico, during the years 2007-2017, there has been an increase in the proportion of male TB patients. It remains necessary to implement strategies to detect TB in the adult population, especially among men, because tuberculosis could be difficult to recognize in an early stage in the population, and the appearance of resistant strains can cause an increase in the incidence of the disease.
| S-EPMC6501252 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionPreterm birth is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In many countries preterm birth rates are increasing, largely as a result of increases in iatrogenic preterm birth, whereas in other countries rates are stable or even declining. The objective of the study is to describe trends in singleton preterm births in Victoria from 2007 to 2017 in relation to trends in perinatal mortality to identify opportunities for improvements in clinical care.Material and methodsWe conducted a consecutive cross-sectional study in all women with a singleton pregnancy giving birth at ≥20 weeks of pregnancy in Victoria, Australia, between 2007 and 2017, inclusive. Rates of preterm birth and perinatal mortality were calculated and trends were analyzed in all pregnancies, in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth problems, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), and in (low-risk) pregnancies not complicated by any of these conditions.ResultsThere were 811 534 singleton births between 2007 and 2017. Preterm birth increased from 5.9% (4074 births) to 6.4% (4893 births; P < .001), due to an increase in iatrogenic preterm birth from 2.5% (1730 births) to 3.6% (2730 births; P < .001). Comparable trends were seen in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth problems and hypertension and in pregnancies not complicated by small for gestational age (SGA), hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM (all P < .001). In pregnancies complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM the perinatal mortality rate from 20 weeks of gestation fell (13 to 12 per 1000 births; P < .001). In pregnancies not complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM there was no significant change in the perinatal mortality from 28 weeks and no decrease in the preterm weekly prospective stillbirth risk.ConclusionsThe singleton preterm birth rate in Victoria is increasing, driven by an increase in iatrogenic preterm birth, both in pregnancies complicated by SGA and hypertension, and in pregnancies not complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM. While perinatal mortality decreased in the pregnancies complicated by SGA, hypertension, (pre)eclampsia or PROM, no significant reduction in perinatal mortality from 28 weeks or in preterm weekly prospective stillbirth risk was noted in the pregnancies not complicated by any of these conditions.
| S-EPMC8359202 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Vietnam. The current TB burden is unknown as not all individuals with TB are diagnosed, recorded and notified. The second national TB prevalence survey was conducted in 2017-2018 to assess the current burden of TB disease in the country.MethodEighty-two clusters were selected using a multistage cluster sampling design. Adult (≥15 years of age) residents having lived for 2 weeks or more in the households of the selected clusters were invited to participate in the survey. The survey participants were screened for TB by a questionnaire and digital chest X-ray after providing written informed consent. Individuals with a positive symptom screen and/or chest X-ray suggestive of TB were asked to provide sputum samples to test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen direct light microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF G4, BACTEC MGIT960 liquid culture and Löwenstein-Jensen solid culture. Bacteriologically confirmed TB cases were defined by an expert panel following a standard decision tree.ResultOf 87,207 eligible residents, 61,763 (70.8%) participated, and 4,738 (7.7%) screened positive for TB. Among these, 221 participants were defined as bacteriologically confirmed TB cases. The estimated prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed adult pulmonary TB was 322 (95% CI: 260-399) per 100,000, and the male-to-female ratio was 4.0 (2.8-5.8, p<0.001). In-depth interviews with the participants with TB disease showed that only 57.9% (95% CI: 51.3-64.3%) reported cough for 2 weeks or more and 32.1% (26.3-38.6%) did not report any symptom consistent with TB, while their chest X-ray results showed that 97.7% (95% CI: 94.6-99.1) had abnormal chest X-ray images suggesting TB.ConclusionWith highly sensitive diagnostics applied, this survey showed that the TB burden in Vietnam remains high. Half of the TB cases were not picked up by general symptom-based screening and were identified by chest X-ray only. Our results indicate that improving TB diagnostic capacity and access to care, along with reducing TB stigma, need to be top priorities for TB control and elimination in Vietnam.
| S-EPMC7179905 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Poor dietary practices are commonly reported in working populations from different economic sectors, resulting in increased absenteeism and a decrease in productivity. The aims of this study were to describe the frequency of food consumption and diet quality in workers aged ≥16 years from 2006 to 2017 in Spain and to evaluate the factors associated with diet quality. A nationwide cross-sectional study was carried out among workers using data from the Spanish National Health Surveys in 2006 (n = 11,068), 2011 (n = 7497) and 2017 (n = 8890). Sociodemographic, occupational, and health-related variables were used as well as diet quality data. A multiple linear regression was performed to determine the characteristics related to overall diet quality. The percentage of workers who consumed vegetables, at most, once or twice per week decreased from 2006 to 2017 (p < 0.001). A lower diet quality score was related to the consumption of tobacco and alcohol and being aged ≥25 years old, while a higher diet quality score was linked to being a woman, having Spanish nationality, receiving optimal perceived social support, being physically active in one's main occupation, doing leisure-time physical activity, and the type of contract.
| S-EPMC7915096 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Linezolid belongs to a reserve group of antibiotics. In recent years, reports on linezolid resistance in gram-positive cocci have become more frequent. Overuse of linezolid is a relevant factor for resistance development. The objective of this study was to describe current prescription practices of linezolid in German hospitals and identify targets for antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Methods:We analyzed all linezolid prescriptions from the datasets of the consecutive national point prevalence surveys performed in German hospitals in 2011 and 2016. In both surveys, data on healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use were collected following the methodology of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Results:Overall, the percentage of linezolid among all documented antimicrobials increased significantly from 2011 to 2016 (p <?0.01). In 2011, 0.3% (119 of 41,539) patients received linezolid, in 2016 this proportion was significantly higher (0.4%; 255 of 64,412 patients; p?<?0.01). In 2016, intensive care units (ICUs) were the wards most frequently prescribing linezolid. The largest proportion of patients receiving linezolid were non-ICU patients. Roughly 38% of linezolid prescriptions were for treatment of skin/soft tissue and respiratory tract infections. In 2016, linezolid was administered parenterally in 70% (n =?179) of cases. Multivariable analysis showed that the ward specialty ICU posed an independent risk factor, while Northern and Southwestern regions in Germany were independent protective factors for a high rate of linezolid prescriptions. Conclusions:In conclusion, we detected potentials for improving linezolid prescription practices in German hospitals. Given the emergence of linezolid resistance, optimization of linezolid use must be a target of future antimicrobial stewardship activities.
| S-EPMC6805522 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOpioid misuse and overdose in the United States remain a public health emergency. Overprescribing has been recognized as a significant contributor to the epidemic. Opioids are the mainstay for pain management after burn; however, to date, no large-scale nationally representative study has evaluated outpatient opioid prescribing practices in this population.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of patients up to 65 years old with burn injuries between 2007 and 2017 using national commercial insurance data. The primary outcome was initial opioid prescribing after burn injury. Secondary outcomes were total days' supply, oral daily morphine milligram equivalents, and number of refills.ResultsOf the 140,753 patients with burns, 34,685 (24.6%) received an opioid prescription. The odds of prescription opioid use were lower in 2015, 2016, and 2017 compared with 2007. Interactions with age, severity (P < .0001), and region (P = .003) showed significant variation in rates of decline from 2007 to 2017, with the steepest decline in those aged <20 and in residents of Northeast United States. Prescribing rates remained stable over time among those with more severe burn injuries. The significant decline in daily opioid morphine milligram equivalents after 2013 was paralleled by an increase in days of supply (P values <.005). The odds of refill declined in 2016 and 2017.ConclusionWhile opioid prescribing after burn has declined in the past decade, significant variation remains among regions and age groups, suggesting a need to develop uniform guidelines to improve the quality of opioid prescribing and pain management protocols in burn patients.
| S-EPMC8285464 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common malignancy affecting women in developed countries. Recently, the EC disease burden has changed; therefore, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 was used to comprehensively analyze the global, regional, and national burden of EC between 1990 and 2017. General GBD cancer estimation methods were used with the data input from vital registration systems and cancer registries. Annual percent changes were calculated to quantify the trends of EC burden estimates during the study period. Furthermore, the sociodemographic index (SDI) was used to assess the relationship between the EC burden estimates and development level. From 1990 to 2017, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rate of EC increased globally by 0.58 and 0.89% per year, respectively. In contrast, the age-standardized death rate and disability-adjusted-life years (DALYs) decreased by 1.19 and 1.21% per year, respectively. Increasing trends in both the incidence and prevalence were observed in all SDI quintiles, except for the low SDI quintiles, whereas decreasing trends were observed in all SDI quintiles for mortality and DALYs. Additionally, a non-linear association existed for the level of mortality rate, DALYs, and SDI. Of note, there was a strong positive association between a high body mass index and DALYs across all SDI quintiles. In conclusion, EC incidence and prevalence rates are growing globally, whereas the death rate and DALYs decreased between 1990 and 2017. Greater efforts, particularly detailed prevention strategies for reducing obesity, should be performed to reverse this phenomenon.
| S-EPMC6930915 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveCancers result in significant economic burdens on patients, health sectors and society. Reliable burden estimates will help guide resource allocation. This study aimed to perform a nationwide cost analysis of the direct and indirect costs of the top ten most costly cancers, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), as a comparison, in Taiwan.SettingA population-based cohort study.ParticipantsIn total, 545 221 patients with newly diagnosed cancer (lung cancer, female breast cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, oral cancer, leukaemia, prostate cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, gastric cancer and oesophageal cancer) and 170 879 patients with ACS between 2007 and 2014 were identified.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDirect medical costs were calculated from claims recorded in the National Health Insurance Research Database . Indirect costs, comprising morbidity-associated and mortality-associated productivity losses, were estimated from public life expectancy, average wage and employment data. The costs incurred in the 3 years after diagnosis were assessed. As a comparison, the cost of ACS was also estimated using the same study frame. A cost driver analysis was conducted to identify factors impacting cancer costs.ResultsThe cancers with the highest mean direct medical costs and total costs were leukaemia (US$28 464) and oesophageal cancer (US$81 775), respectively. Indirect costs accounted for over 50% of the total economic burden of most cancers, except for prostate cancer and female breast cancer. The costs of ACS were lower than those of most cancers. From the cost driver analysis, older age at diagnosis significantly (p<0.05) decreased the total cost of cancer; in contrast, male, tumour metastasis, comorbidities and treatment in medical centres increased the costs.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the comprehensive economic burden of the top 10 most costly cancers in Taiwan. These results are valuable for optimising healthcare resource allocation.
| S-EPMC7549455 | biostudies-literature