Dataset Information

Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV^® Vaccine in Horses: Comparative In Vivo Study.

ABSTRACT: Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of equines that is caused mainly by the H3N8 subtype of influenza A virus. Vaccinating horses against EI is the most effective strategy to prevent the infection. The current study aimed to compare the kinetics of EI-specific humoral- and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in horses receiving either identical or mixed vaccinations. Two groups of horses were previously (six months prior) vaccinated with either Calvenza 03 EIV EHV^® (G1) or Fluvac Innovator^® (G2) vaccine. Subsequently, both groups received a booster single dose of Calvenza 03 EIV EHV^®. Immune responses were assessed after 10 weeks using single radial hemolysis (SRH), virus neutralization (VN), and EliSpot assays. Our results revealed that Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV^®-immunized horses had significantly higher protective EI-specific SRH antibodies and VN antibodies. Booster immunization with Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV^® vaccine significantly stimulated cell-mediated immune response as evidenced by significant increase in interferon-?-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV^® vaccine can be safely and effectively used for booster immunization to elicit optimal long persisting humoral and CMI responses even if the horses were previously immunized with a heterogeneous vaccine.

SUBMITTER: Pavulraj S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7922102 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV<sup>®</sup> Vaccine in Horses: Comparative In Vivo Study.

Pavulraj Selvaraj S Bergmann Tobias T Trombetta Claudia Maria CM Marchi Serena S Montomoli Emanuele E Alami Sidi Sefiane El SSE Ragni-Alunni Roberto R Osterrieder Nikolaus N Azab Walid W

Vaccines 20210217 2

Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of equines that is caused mainly by the H3N8 subtype of influenza A virus. Vaccinating horses against EI is the most effective strategy to prevent the infection. The current study aimed to compare the kinetics of EI-specific humoral- and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in horses receiving either identical or mixed vaccinations. Two groups of horses were previously (six months prior) vaccinated with either Calvenza 03 EIV EHV<sup ...[more]

PMID: 33671378

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Project description:Equid alphaherpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) are closely related and both endemic in horses worldwide. Both viruses replicate in the upper respiratory tract, but EHV-1 may additionally lead to abortion and equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). We focused on antibody responses in horses against the receptor-binding glycoprotein D of EHV-1 (gD1), which shares a 77% amino acid identity with its counterpart in EHV-4 (gD4). Both antigens give rise to cross-reacting antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies. However, immunity against EHV-4 is not considered protective against EHM. While a diagnostic ELISA to discriminate between EHV-1 and EHV-4 infections is available based on type-specific fragments of glycoprotein G (gG1 and gG4, respectively), the type-specific antibody reaction against gD1 has not yet been sufficiently addressed. Starting from the N-terminus of gD1, we developed luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assays, using gD1-fragments of increasing size as antigens, i.e. gD1_83 (comprising the first 83 amino acids), gD1_160, gD1_180, and gD1_402 (the full-length molecule). These assays were then used to analyse panels of horse sera from Switzerland (n = 60) and Iceland (n = 50), the latter of which is considered EHV-1 free. We detected only one true negative horse serum from Iceland, whereas all other sera in both panels were seropositive for both gG4 (ELISA) and gD1 (LIPS against gD1_402). In contrast, seropositivity against gG1 was rather rare (35% Swiss sera; 14% Icelandic sera). Therefore, a high percentage of antibodies against gD1 could be attributed to cross-reaction and due to EHV-4 infections. In contrast, the gD1_83 fragment was able to identify sera with type-specific antibodies against gD1. Interestingly, those sera stemmed almost exclusively from vaccinated horses. Although it is uncertain that the N-terminal epitopes of gD1 addressed in this communication are linked to better protection, we suggest that in future vaccine developments, type-common antigens should be avoided, while a broad range of type-specific antigens should be favored.

Project description:BackgroundDengue is listed as a neglected tropical disease by the Center for Disease Control and Preservation, as there are insufficient integrated surveillance strategies, no effective treatment, and limited licensed vaccines. Consisting of four genetically distinct serotypes, dengue virus (DENV) causes serious life-threatening infections due to its complexity. Antibody-dependent enhancement by pre-existing cross-reactive as well as homotypic antibodies further worsens the clinical symptoms of dengue. Thus, a vaccine conferring simultaneous and durable immunity to each of the four DENV serotypes is essential to restrict its escalation. In deeply affected resource-limited countries, oral vaccination using food-grade organisms is considered to be a beneficial approach in terms of costs, patient comfort, and simple logistics for mass immunization. The current study used a mouse model to explore the immunogenicity of an oral dengue vaccine candidate prepared using whole recombinant yeast cells (WC) and cell-free extracts (CFE) from cells expressing recombinant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin protein B-subunit (LTB) fused to the consensus dengue envelope domain III (scEDIII). Mice were treated orally with recombinant WC and CFE vaccines in 2-week intervals for 4 weeks and changes in systemic and mucosal immune responses were monitored.ResultsBoth WC and CFE dosage applications of LTB-scEDIII stimulated a systemic humoral immune response in the form of dengue-specific serum IgG as well as mucosal immune response in the form of secretory sIgA. Antigen-specific B cell responses in isolated lymphoid cells from the spleen and Peyer's patches further indicated an elevated mucosal immune response. Cellular immune response estimated through lymphocyte proliferation assay indicated higher levels in CFE than WC dosage. Furthermore, sera obtained after both oral administrations successfully neutralized DENV-1, whereas CFE formulation only neutralized DENV-2 serotype, two representative serotypes which cause severe dengue infection. Sera from mice that were fed CFE preparations demonstrated markedly higher neutralizing titers compared to those from WC-fed mice. However, WC feeding elicited strong immune responses, which were similar to the levels induced by CFE feeding after intraperitoneal booster with purified scEDIII antigen.ConclusionsCFE preparations of LTB-scEDIII produced strong immunogenicity with low processing requirements, signifying that this fusion protein shows promise as a potent oral vaccine candidate against dengue viral infection.

Project description:The literature suggests that real-world data on the effectiveness and safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine depend on the characteristics of the vaccinated volunteers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antibody responses and kinetics, established association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and adverse reactions after complete vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine. A single-center prospective case series study was conducted with 112 eligible volunteers who were institutionalized elderly and health care workers with had a negative anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG test prior to receiving the first dose of vaccine. At least one serological antibody test after each dose of vaccine was performed. Volunteers with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test before vaccination were excluded. A chemiluminescent immunoassay anti-S1 antibody assay performed a serological evaluation. Both vaccine doses elicited positive IgG antibodies 3799.0 ± 2503.0 AU/mL and 8212.0 ± 4731.0 AU/mL after 20 days of the first and second doses of BNT162b2, respectively. Comirnaty® vaccine induced an immune response with antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 in 100% of participants, regardless of age (Spearman rho = -0.10, p-value = 0.312), body mass index (Spearman rho = 0.05, p-value = 0.640), blood group first dose (p-value for Kruskal-Wallis test = 0.093) and second dose (p-value for Kruskal-Wallis test = 0. 268), number of drugs (Spearman rho = -0.07, p-value = 0.490), and number of chronic diseases first dose (p-value for Kruskal-Wallis test = 0.632) and second dose (p-value for Kruskal-Wallis test = 0.510). IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were intensely elevated after the second administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine. The higher the titer of anti-peptide IgG antibodies generated after the first dose of vaccine, the higher the titer generated by the second dose of vaccine (Spearman rho = 0.86, p-value < 0.001) and the total antibody titer (Spearman rho = 0.93, p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, no serious adverse effects were reported among participants, although mild to moderate adverse effects (local or systemic) were reported after both doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, being more frequent after the first dose of the vaccine. No participants showed a positive PCR. The BNT162b2 vaccine induces a robust and rapid antibody response regardless of participant characteristics. The second dose might be especially important because of the increased immunogenicity it produces and the possible temporal distancing of the interval between doses. In general, the vaccines were well tolerated.

Project description:INTRODUCTION:Reintroduction of Variola major as an agent of bioterrorism remains a concern. A shortened dosing schedule of Bavarian Nordic's (BN) IMVAMUNE(®) (modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine against smallpox) was compared to the currently recommended 0- and 28-day schedule for non-inferiority by evaluating the magnitude and kinetics of the immune responses. METHODS:Subjects were assigned to receive IMVAMUNE or placebo administered subcutaneously on Days 0 and 7, Days 0 and 28, or Day 0. Blood was collected for antibody and cell-mediated immune assays. Subjects were followed for safety for 12 months after last vaccination. RESULTS:The primary endpoint of this study was the geometric mean antibody titers (GMT) at 14 days post last vaccination. Of 208 subjects enrolled, 191 received vaccine (Group: 0+7, Group: 0+28 and Group: 0) and 17 received placebo. Moderate/severe systemic reactogenicity after any vaccination were reported by 31.1%, 25.4%, and 28.6% of the subjects for Group: 0+7, Group: 0+28, and Group: 0, respectively (Chi-square test, P=0.77). Based on BN's Plaque Reduction Assay GMTs, Group: 0+7 was non-inferior to Group: 0+28 at Day 4, 180, and 365 after the second vaccination. On Day 14, Group: 0+7 and Group: 0+28 GMT were 10.8 (CI: 9.0, 12.9) and 30.2 (CI: 22.1, 41.1), respectively. Based on BN's Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the proportion of subjects with positive titers for Group: 0+28 was significantly greater than that for Group: 0+7 after second vaccination at Days 4 and 180. By Day 14 after the second dose, the IFN-? enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) responses were similar for Group: 0+28 and Group: 0+7. CONCLUSION:Overall, a standard dose of IMVAMUNE (0.5 mL of 1 x 10(8) TCID/mL) administered subcutaneously was safe and well tolerated. A second dose of IMVAMUNE at Day 28 compared to Day 7 provided greater antibody responses and the maximal number of responders. By Day 14 after the second dose, IFN-? ELISPOT responses were similar for Group: 0+28 and Group: 0+7.

Dataset Information

Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV^® Vaccine in Horses: Comparative In Vivo Study.

Publications

Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV<sup>®</sup> Vaccine in Horses: Comparative In Vivo Study.

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Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV® Vaccine in Horses: Comparative In Vivo Study.

Publications

Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV<sup>®</sup> Vaccine in Horses: Comparative In Vivo Study.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Immunogenicity of Calvenza-03 EIV/EHV^® Vaccine in Horses: Comparative In Vivo Study.