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Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025.

ABSTRACT: Five years ago, with the editorial board of Frontiers in Nutrition, we took a leap of faith to outline the Goals for Nutrition Science - the way we see it (1). Now, in 2020, we can put ourselves to the test and take a look back. Without a doubt we got it right with several of the key directions. To name a few, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Food and Nutrition are part of the global public agenda, and the SDGs contribute to the structuring of international science and research. Nutritional Science has become a critical element in strengthening work on the SDGs, and the development of appropriate methodologies is built on the groundwork of acquiring and analyzing big datasets. Investigation of the Human Microbiome is providing novel insight on the interrelationship between nutrition, the immune system and disease. Finally, with an advanced definition of the gut-brain-axis we are getting a glimpse into the potential for Nutrition and Brain Health. Various milestones have been achieved, and any look into the future will have to consider the lessons learned from Covid-19 and the sobering awareness about the frailty of our food systems in ensuring global food security. With a view into the coming 5 years from 2020 to 2025, the editorial board has taken a slightly different approach as compared to the previous Goals article. A mind map has been created to outline the key topics in nutrition science. Not surprisingly, when looking ahead, the majority of scientific investigation required will be in the areas of health and sustainability. Johannes le Coutre, Field Chief Editor, Frontiers in Nutrition.

SUBMITTER: Bassaganya-Riera J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7923694 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025.

Bassaganya-Riera Josep J Berry Elliot M EM Blaak Ellen E EE Burlingame Barbara B le Coutre Johannes J van Eden Willem W El-Sohemy Ahmed A German J Bruce JB Knorr Dietrich D Lacroix Christophe C Muscaritoli Maurizio M Nieman David C DC Rychlik Michael M Scholey Andrew A Serafini Mauro M

Frontiers in nutrition 20210209

Five years ago, with the editorial board of Frontiers in Nutrition, we took a leap of faith to outline the Goals for Nutrition Science - the way we see it (1). Now, in 2020, we can put ourselves to the test and take a look back. Without a doubt we got it right with several of the key directions. To name a few, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Food and Nutrition are part of the global public agenda, and the SDGs contribute to the structuring of international science and research. Nutritio ...[more]

PMID: 33665201

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Project description:BackgroundWith the vision of "a world free of schistosomiasis," the World Health Organization (WHO) set ambitious goals of control of this debilitating disease and its elimination as a public health problem by 2020 and 2025, respectively. As these milestones become imminent, and if programs are to succeed, it is important to evaluate the WHO programmatic guidelines empirically.MethodsWe collated and analyzed multiyear cross-sectional data from nine national schistosomiasis control programs (in eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in Yemen). Data were analyzed according to schistosome species (Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium), number of treatment rounds, overall prevalence, and prevalence of heavy-intensity infection. Disease control was defined as a prevalence of heavy-intensity infection of less than 5% aggregated across sentinel sites, and the elimination target was defined as a prevalence of heavy-intensity infection of less than 1% in all sentinel sites. Heavy-intensity infection was defined as at least 400 eggs per gram of feces for S. mansoni infection or as more than 50 eggs per 10 ml of urine for S. haematobium infection.ResultsAll but one country program (Niger) reached the disease-control target by two treatment rounds or less, which is earlier than projected by current WHO guidelines (5 to 10 years). Programs in areas with low endemicity levels at baseline were more likely to reach both the control and elimination targets than were programs in areas with moderate and high endemicity levels at baseline, although the elimination target was reached only for S. mansoni infection (in Burkina Faso, Burundi, and Rwanda within three treatment rounds). Intracountry variation was evident in the relationships between overall prevalence and heavy-intensity infection (stratified according to treatment rounds), a finding that highlights the challenges of using one metric to define control or elimination across all epidemiologic settings.ConclusionsThese data suggest the need to reevaluate progress and treatment strategies in national schistosomiasis control programs more frequently, with local epidemiologic data taken into consideration, in order to determine the treatment effect and appropriate resource allocations and move closer to achieving the global goals. (Funded by the Children's Investment Fund Foundation and others.).

Project description:MethodThe current study applied e-Delphi technique via online self-administered questionnaire was distributing to headquarter, and 16 health affairs directorates spanning 75 hospitals and specialized health centers, 24 primary health-care centers, 2 health-care clusters, and 5 medical cities. In addition, community involvement was represented by 26 organizations: 7 universities, 9 scientific health associations, 5 charitable associations, and 5 key Saudi health partner organizations. Research field's prioritization was performed by ranking weighed mean aggregate score via application of the combined consensus and metrics-based approach. Then the top five research topics were analyzed, verified, refined and classified into specific health research themes.ResultsThe study included 2252 participants and attained a 90% response rate. The study deliverables were listed into two research priority domains: health system research priorities (1st agenda) and diseases and health problems priorities (2nd agenda). Overall, the types of the top five research priorities in the first agenda included service delivery (40.9%), health workforce (14.4%), governance and leadership (13.0%) ,preparedness and response to disasters and emergency (10.2%), health information systems (9.3%), access to essential medicines products and vaccines (6.97%), and financing (5.1%). On the other hand, the top five research priority areas in the second agenda were non-communicable diseases (16.9%), child and neonatal health (15.9%), medications (13.6%), women health (10.4%), dental health (10.4%). furthermore, biomedical and radiology technology and devices (5.6%), communicable diseases (3.7%), nutrition (3.2%), trauma and general management (3.2%), innovative approaches (2.4%), emergency management (2.7%), physical therapy and rehabilitation (2.3%), public health (2.3%), holistic approaches to health and wellness, behavior and lifestyle (1.5%), environmental health (0.6%),pilgrims' health (0.6%), geriatric health (0.3%), and family medicine (0.3%).ConclusionAdequate description of the stakeholders and methodology can strengthen legitimacy and credibility and maximize the impact of the priority-setting process. Involvement of policymakers, researchers and funding organizations increases the opportunity of translation into actual research, supports redesigning the research landscape and ensures uptake of results and integration.

Project description:ImportanceFemale-specific gout data are scarce despite perceived differences from males in its risk factors and disproportionate worsening in disease and comorbidity burden globally. The 2020 to 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend multiple healthy eating patterns for prevention of cardiovascular-metabolic outcomes, which may also be relevant to the prevention of female gout.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of dietary scores for the latest guideline-based healthy eating patterns with risk of incident female gout.Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective cohort study included 80 039 US women in the Nurses' Health Study followed up through questionnaires every 2 years starting from 1984. Participants had no history of gout at baseline, and the study used questionnaire responses through 2018. Statistical analyses were performed over September 2020 to August 2021.ExposuresFour healthy eating patterns: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score, Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and Prudent, plus Western (unhealthy) for comparison, with scores derived from validated food frequency questionnaires.Main outcomes and measuresIncident, physician-diagnosed female-specific gout.ResultsDuring 34 years of follow-up, we documented 3890 cases of incident female gout. Compared with the least-adherent quintile, women most adherent to healthy diets had significantly lower risk of incident gout, with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) 0.68 (95% CI, 0.61-0.76) (DASH), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.98) (Mediterranean), 0.79 (95% CI, 0.71-0.89) (AHEI), and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73-0.90) (Prudent); all P for trend ≤.009. Conversely, women with highest-quintile Western diet score had 49% higher risk of gout (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.33-1.68], P <.001). When combined, the most DASH-diet adherent women with normal body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) had a 68% lower risk of gout compared with the least adherent women with overweight or obese BMI; the corresponding risk reduction was 65% combining high DASH diet adherence with no diuretic use.Conclusions and relevanceThese large-scale, long-term prospective cohort findings extend the pleotropic benefits of the 2020 to 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans to female gout prevention, with multiple healthy diets that can be adapted to individual food traditions, preferences, and comorbidities.

Project description:Abstract The GLOBE Program's GLOBE Observer application is a free citizen science mobile data collection and visualization tool compatible with iOS and Android operating systems. Citizen scientists armed with the app can report the mosquito larval habitats they identify using the GLOBE Mosquito Habitat Mapper tool. This data can complement the climate, weather, and land cover data obtained from satellite measurements by scientists who develop risk models for mosquito‐borne diseases. Public participation in mosquito surveillance research provides the opportunity to obtain the volume, velocity and variety of data needed to fight the threat of vector‐borne diseases, especially in under‐resourced communities with minimal to no municipal surveillance and mitigation services. GLOBE Mosquito Habitat Mappers document and describe potential and active mosquito larval habitats in and around their homes and communities. An easy‐to‐use pictorial interface enables users to geolocate and describe oviposition sites encountered, count and identify mosquito larvae, and when appropriate, eliminate the larval habitats. During Mosquito Habitat Mapper's first 3 years of use, over 24,000 data observations have been reported throughout the world. This technical report summarizes GLOBE Mosquito Habitat Mapper data reported by GLOBE citizen scientists from three regions: Africa, Asia and the Pacific Islands, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Localized mosquito larvae distribution patterns were examined by comparing data collected in three cities in Senegal–Dakar, Touba, and Thilmakha. The Senegal data show habitat and genera differences among mosquitoes identified by citizen scientists in the cities and illustrates the potential of the app for community‐based surveillance and research. Key Points GLOBE Observer is The GLOBE Program's mobile app. The GLOBE Mosquito Habitat Mapper on this platform enables citizen scientists to identify, describe and report mosquito larvae and habitats GLOBE Mosquito Habitat Mappers not only collect data, but participate in source reduction and reduce risk of disease in their community GLOBE Mosquito Habitat Mapper data has practical applications in municipal surveillance as well as in mosquito vector borne disease research

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Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025.

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Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025.

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