Dataset Information

Effects of Exotic Spartina alterniflora Invasion on Soil Phosphorus and Carbon Pools and Associated Soil Microbial Community Composition in Coastal Wetlands.

ABSTRACT: Soil microorganisms can be altered by plant invasion into wetland ecosystems and comprise an important linkage between phosphorus (P) availability and soil carbon (C) chemistry; however, the intrinsic mechanisms of P and C transformation associated with microbial community and function are poorly understood in coastal wetland. In this study, we used a sequential fractionation method and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to capture the changes in soil P pools and C chemical composition with bare flats (BF), native Phragmites australis(PA), and invasive Spartina alterniflora(SA), respectively. The responses of the soil microbial community using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling and function indicated by nine enzyme activities associated with C, nitrogen (N), and P cycles were also investigated. Compared to PA and BF, SA invasion significantly (P < 0.05) changed P pools and mainly increased the available P by 17.5 and 37.0%, respectively. The presence of the plants (SA and PA) significantly (P < 0.05) altered the soil C chemical composition mainly by affecting the aliphatic functional groups, resulting in a lower alkyl C/O-alkyl C ratio value. Compared to BF and SA, PA significantly (P < 0.05) increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) abundance. Soil enzyme activity, especially for the P and C cycle enzymes, was also affected by plant species with the highest geometric mean enzyme and hydrolase activity for the PA zone. We also found that soil C compositions and P pools were associated with microbial community structure and enzyme activity, respectively. However, little interaction between C and P was found on either soil microbial composition or soil enzyme activity variation. Further, microbial community composition was tightly correlated with the soil P compared to soil C chemistry, while enzyme activity showed more response with soil C chemistry compared to soil P pool changes.

SUBMITTER: Wang L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7931372 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of Exotic <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Invasion on Soil Phosphorus and Carbon Pools and Associated Soil Microbial Community Composition in Coastal Wetlands.

Wang Lei L Yuan Jiahui J Wang Yu Y Butterly Clayton R CR Tong Deli D Zhou Bo B Li Xiuzhen X Zhang Huabin H

ACS omega 20210213 8

Soil microorganisms can be altered by plant invasion into wetland ecosystems and comprise an important linkage between phosphorus (P) availability and soil carbon (C) chemistry; however, the intrinsic mechanisms of P and C transformation associated with microbial community and function are poorly understood in coastal wetland. In this study, we used a sequential fractionation method and <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to capture the changes in soil P pools and C chem ...[more]

PMID: 33681612

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Project description:BackgroundSince Spartina alterniflora (simplified as Spartina) has strong ecological competitiveness and rapid growth, it has been introduced and living in the coastal wetland regions of China for more than 30 years. Taking coastal wetland in the Beibu Gulf of south China as an example, the effects of Spartina invasion on soil quality were investigated to provide scientific basis for soil management.MethodologyThe soil quality of six different coastal wetlands, i.e. mangrove (vegetation coverage is above 95%), mangrove- Spartina ecotones (vegetation coverage is above 95%), sparse mangrove (vegetation coverage is 10%-20%), sparse mangrove- Spartina ecotones (vegetation coverage is about 80%), Spartina (vegetation coverage is about 80%) and bare beach (no plants), were analyzed using the following indicators: pH, cation exchange capacity, contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, microbial carbon / organic carbon, and activities of urease, acid phosphatase, invertase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase.Principal findingsThe results showed that compared to mangrove wetland, most indicators in the mangrove-Spartina wetland showed a decline tendency except pH value, and the contents of total phosphorus and organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen, and the activities of acid phosphatase and invertase were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared to sparse mangrove wetland and bare beach, the Spartina invasion wetland (sparse mangrove-Spartina wetland and Spartina wetland) had higher contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, cation exchange capacity and the activities of urease and acid phosphatase, so soil quality in the sparse mangrove wetland and bare beach was significantly improved. Factor Analysis and PCA also showed that: the quality of mangrove wetland soil is better than that of mangrove-Spartina ecotones wetland soil; the quality of sparse mangrove-Spartina ecotones wetland soil is better than that of sparse mangrove wetland soil; the quality of Spartina wetland soil is better than that of bare beach wetland soil.Conclusions/significanceTherefore, in the invaded Beibu Gulf wetland ecosystems of south China, for the mangrove wetlands where the productivity of native plant was higher than that of Spartina, the Spartina invasion can cause soil degradation significantly and it must be strictly controlled, while for sparse mangrove wetland and bare beach where the productivity of native plant was lower than that of Spartina, Spartina invasion can improve the soil quality. Thus our study may help to better understand the effect of plant invasion.

Project description:Nitrogen fixation (NF) and phosphorus solubilization (PS) play a key role in maintaining the stability of mangrove ecosystems. In China, the invasion of Spartina alterniflora has brought a serious threat to the mangrove ecosystem. However, systematic research on NF and PS in mangrove sediments has not been conducted, and limited studies have focused on the response of NF and PS to S. alterniflora invasion, particularly at different sediment depths. In the present study, shotgun metagenomics and quantitative PCR were used to study the 0- to 100-cm sediment profile of the mangrove ecosystem in the Beibu Gulf of China. Results showed that the PS potential of mangrove sediments was primarily caused by enzymes encoded by phoA, phoD, ppx, ppa, and gcd genes. S. alterniflora changed environmental factors, such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon, and enhanced the potential of NF and PS in sediments. Moreover, most microorganisms involved in NF or PS (NFOPSMs) responded positively to the invasion of S. alterniflora. Cd, available iron, and salinity were the key environmental factors that affected the distribution of NF and PS genes (NFPSGs) and NFOPSMs. A strong coupling effect was observed between NF and PS in the mangrove ecosystem. S. alterniflora invasion enhanced the coupling of NF and PS and the interaction of microorganisms involved in NF and PS (NFAPSM), thereby promoting the turnover of NP and improving sediment quality. Finally, 108 metagenome-assembled genomes involved in NF or PS were reconstructed to further evaluate NFOPSMs. IMPORTANCE This study revealed the efficient nutrient cycling mechanism of mangroves. Positive coupling effects were observed in sediment quality, NF and PS processes, and NFOPSMs with the invasion of S. alterniflora. This research contributed to the understanding of the effects of S. alterniflora invasion on the subtropical mangrove ecosystem and provided theoretical guidance for mangrove protection, restoration, and soil management. Additionally, novel NFOPSMs provided a reference for the development of marine biological fertilizers.

Dataset Information

Effects of Exotic Spartina alterniflora Invasion on Soil Phosphorus and Carbon Pools and Associated Soil Microbial Community Composition in Coastal Wetlands.

Publications

Effects of Exotic <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Invasion on Soil Phosphorus and Carbon Pools and Associated Soil Microbial Community Composition in Coastal Wetlands.

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