Dataset Information

Identification of cutaneous fungi and mites in adult atopic dermatitis: analysis by targeted 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have an altered skin bacterial community, with an abundance of Staphylococcus aureus associated with flares, highlighting that microbial organisms may be important for disease exacerbation. Despite strong evidence of association between bacterial skin colonisation and AD, very limited knowledge regarding the eukaryotic microbial community, including fungi and ectoparasites, in AD exists. In this study, we compared the skin and nasal eukaryotic microbial community between adult AD patients (n?=?55) and non-AD healthy controls (n?=?45) using targeted 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Analysis was based on the presence or absence of eukaryotic microorganisms.

Results

The cutaneous composition of the eukaryotic microbial community and the alpha-diversity differed significantly between AD patients and non-AD individuals, with increased species richness on AD skin. Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity were similar on lesional and non-lesional skin of patients. The ectoparasite Demodex folliculorum and the yeast Geotrichum candidum were significantly more prevalent on the skin of AD patients. The prevalence of D. folliculorum on lesional skin was greater among patients recently treated with topical corticosteroid. Malassezia was one of the most frequently detected genera at all sites, with M. globosa and M. restricta being the most prevalent. M. restricta was under represented in the anterior nares of AD patients as compared to the non-AD control population.

Conclusion

Significant differences in the eukaryotic microbial communities were found between AD patients and non-AD individuals, with the most striking finding being the significantly overrepresentation of D. folliculorum on AD skin. Whether D. folliculorum can contribute to skin inflammation in AD needs further investigation.

SUBMITTER: Edslev SM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7934438 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Identification of cutaneous fungi and mites in adult atopic dermatitis: analysis by targeted 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Edslev Sofie Marie SM Andersen Paal Skytt PS Agner Tove T Saunte Ditte Marie Lindhardt DML Ingham Anna Cäcilia AC Johannesen Thor Bech TB Clausen Maja-Lisa ML

BMC microbiology 20210304 1

<h4>Background</h4>Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have an altered skin bacterial community, with an abundance of Staphylococcus aureus associated with flares, highlighting that microbial organisms may be important for disease exacerbation. Despite strong evidence of association between bacterial skin colonisation and AD, very limited knowledge regarding the eukaryotic microbial community, including fungi and ectoparasites, in AD exists. In this study, we compared the skin and nasal eukaryotic m ...[more]

PMID: 33663381

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Project description:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic cutaneous disorder that is characterized by severe eczematous inflammation, swelling, and lichenification. Activation of T helper (Th)-22 cells by allergens leads to epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis at the chronic phase of AD. Derma-Hc is composed of five natural herbs with anti-AD effects, such as Astragalus membranaceus BUNGE, Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., Cryptotympana pustulata Fabr., Angelica sinensis Diels, Arctium lappa L. In this study, the ameliorative effect of Derma-Hc on cutaneous lichenification in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzne (DNCB)-induced AD was investigated. The dorsal skin of mice was sensitized with DNCB to induce AD-like skin lesions. The dermatitis score and frequency of scratching were evaluated. Thickness of epidermis and dermis was measured by staining with H&E. In addition, infiltration of the mast cell was observed by staining with toluidine blue. Then, desmosomal cadherin, DSC1 was examined by immunofluorescence. Pathological mechanisms involved in lichenification were analyzed in AD-like skin lesions and TNF-α + IFN-γ-treated with human keratinocytes including keratinocyte differentiation genes and JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathway with IL-22 by RT-PCR and western blotting. Topical treatment of Derma-Hc improved AD-like symptoms such as dryness, edema and lichenefication and decreased the number of scratches. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that Derma-Hc significantly inhibited epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and mast cells infiltration. In addition, the level of DSC1 was highly expressed in the epidermis by Derma-Hc. Moreover, mRNA expression level of FLG, an epidermal differentiation complex gene, was recovered by Derma-Hc treatment. KLK5 and KLK7 were markedly reduced to normalize keratinocyte differentiation in dorsal skin tissues and human keratinocytes. On the other hand, Derma-Hc restored expression level of SPINK5. In addition, Derma-Hc inhibited IL-22 via the blockade of JAK1-STAT3 signal pathway. Taken together, Derma-Hc, a natural herbal formula, regulated keratinocyte differentiation and inhibited epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis. Therefore, Derma-Hc could be a promising candidate for treating chronic AD through modulating signaling of IL-22-associated skin lichenification.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with barrier disruption, immune dysregulation, and immunosuppressing treatments that can increase the association with an unusual number of infections. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether adults with AD have an unusually large number of serious infections and related outcomes. METHODS:Data from the 2002 to 2012 National Inpatient Sample were analyzed, including an approximately 20% sample of all US hospitalizations (n?=?72,108,077 adults). Prevalence of serious infections in hospitalized patients with vs without AD, length of stay, cost of care, and inpatient mortality secondary to serious infections were determined. RESULTS:The prevalence of serious infections expressed as a percentage (95% confidence interval) was higher in adults hospitalized with than in those without AD (42.1% [41.6-42.6] vs 25.4% [25.2-25.6]; P?=?.0002). In logistic regression models with multiple predictors (multivariable logistic regression models), AD was associated with 32 of 38 infections examined. Associated cutaneous infections included eczema herpeticum (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] adjusted for other predictors: 67.93 [47.93-96.28]), erysipelas (11.15 [9.47-13.1]), and cellulitis (4.53 [4.42-4.64]). Associated respiratory infections included aspergillosis (1.51 [1.21-1.88]) and tuberculosis (1.57 [1.41-1.76]). AD was associated with extracutaneous, multiorgan, and systemic infections, including infectious arthropathy (2.01 [1.84-2.20]), endocarditis (1.25 [1.12-1.39]), encephalitis (1.65 [1.40-1.96]), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (3.29 [3.17-3.42]). Patients with AD hospitalized with vs without any serious infection had an increased geometric mean cost of inpatient care ($8,273 [8,126-8,423] vs $7,179 [7,052-7,307]) and length of stay (5.3 days [5.2-5.3] vs 3.9 [3.9-4.0]; P?=?.0002), with $11 to $228 million excess annual costs from hospitalization with serious infections in adults with AD. CONCLUSION:Adults with AD had increased cutaneous, respiratory, multiorgan, and systemic infections, which were associated with a considerable cost burden.

Dataset Information

Identification of cutaneous fungi and mites in adult atopic dermatitis: analysis by targeted 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Background

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Identification of cutaneous fungi and mites in adult atopic dermatitis: analysis by targeted 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Similar Datasets

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