Risk of metabolic syndrome and metabolic phenotypes in relation to biomarker-calibrated estimates of energy and protein intakes: an investigation from the Women's Health Initiative.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased mortality independent of BMI, resulting in discordant metabolic phenotypes, such as metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy normal-weight individuals. Studies investigating dietary intake in MetS have reported mixed results, due in part to the limitations of self-reported measures.

Objectives

To investigate the role of biomarker-calibrated estimates of energy and protein in MetS and metabolic phenotypes.

Methods

Postmenopausal participants from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study who were free of MetS at baseline, had available data from FFQs at baseline, and had components of MetS at Year 3 (n = 3963) were included. Dietary energy and protein intakes were estimated using biomarker

SUBMITTER: Vasbinder A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7948844 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature