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A lonely electron blocks incoming pairs.

ABSTRACT: Electron bifurcation exploits high energetic states to drive unfavorable single electron reactions and determining the overall mechanism governing these electron transfers represents an arduous task. Using extensive stopped-flow spectroscopy and kinetic simulations, Sucharitakul et al. now explore the bifurcation mechanism of the electron transfer flavoprotein EtfAB from the anaerobic gut bacterium Acidaminococcus fermentans. Strikingly, they illustrated that catalysis is orchestrated by a negatively charged radical, α-FAD, that inhibits further reductions and features an atypical inverted kinetic isotope effect. These results provide additional insight behind electron transfers that are prevalent within multienzyme governed reactions.

SUBMITTER: Massari M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7948957 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan-Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A lonely electron blocks incoming pairs.

Massari Marta M Nicoll Callum R CR Mattevi Andrea A

The Journal of biological chemistry 20210101

Electron bifurcation exploits high energetic states to drive unfavorable single electron reactions and determining the overall mechanism governing these electron transfers represents an arduous task. Using extensive stopped-flow spectroscopy and kinetic simulations, Sucharitakul et al. now explore the bifurcation mechanism of the electron transfer flavoprotein EtfAB from the anaerobic gut bacterium Acidaminococcus fermentans. Strikingly, they illustrated that catalysis is orchestrated by a negat ...[more]

PMID: 33755021

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Loneliness in later life is largely presented as a problem of the individual focusing upon antecedents such as demographic or health factors. Research examining the role of the broader living environments is much rarer. We examined the relationship between loneliness and three dimensions of the lived environment: geographical region, deprivation, and area classification (urban or rural). METHODS:Our sample consisted of 4663 core members (44% males) aged 50+ (wave 7 mean age 72.8, S.D.?=?7.1) present both in waves 3 (2006) and 7 (2014) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Loneliness was measured using two approaches, individual and area-based, and both waves included these questions. Individual-based (self-reported) loneliness was assessed using the three item University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scale (ranging from 3?=?not lonely to 9?=?lonely) with a score of 6+ defining loneliness. We also used a novel question which asked participants to evaluate how often they felt lonely in their area of residence (area-based; ranging from 1?=?often to 7?=?never, using cut off 4+ to define loneliness). The lived environment was classified in three different ways: the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), Government Office Regions (GOR), and area classification (urban or rural). Covariates with established relationship with loneliness including demographic factors, social engagement and health, were included in the analyses. RESULTS:In wave 7, the prevalence of individual-based loneliness was 18% and area-based was 25%. There was limited congruence between measures: 68% participants reported no individual- or area-based loneliness and 9% reported loneliness for both measures. After adjusting for individual co-variates only one significant relationship was observed between loneliness and area -based characteristics. A significant association was observed between area-based loneliness and deprivation score, with higher levels of loneliness in more deprived areas (OR?=?1.4 for highest quintile of deprivation). CONCLUSIONS:Our results indicate that loneliness in older adults is higher in the most deprived areas independent of individual-level factors. In order to develop appropriate interventions further research is required to investigate how area-level factors combine with individual-level loneliness vulnerability measures to generate increased levels of loneliness in deprived areas.

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A lonely electron blocks incoming pairs.

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A lonely electron blocks incoming pairs.

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