Achieving competency in wound care: an innovative training module using the long-term care setting.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Williams EM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7949495 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveTo provide empirical evidence on the effects of home and community-based services (HCBS) (vs nursing home) use on spousal health.Data sourcesMerged data from the 1996 to 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Area Health Resource File (AHRF).Study designWe assess the impact of HCBS use on spousal health. We use an instrumental variable (IV) approach to account for the potential endogeneity of the choice of care setting and reverse causality. Our instrument is the supply of skilled nursing home beds per 1000 people older than 65 years.Data extraction methodsOur sample includes spouses of HCBS or nursing home users, resulting in 8608 observations.Principal findingsWe find that HCBS use leads to harmful effects on spousal physical health, which may be caused by increased informal care responsibilities. We also find improved spousal mental health, especially in depression symptoms, which may be caused by increased satisfaction.ConclusionsWe find evidence of both beneficial (mental health) and harmful (physical health) consequences for spouses of individuals receiving LTC at home relative to in an institution. Our results are important in estimating the potential cost and effectiveness of HCBS expansion.
| S-EPMC6338294 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose of reviewThe purpose of the present review is to describe the major barriers to HIV eradication and assess the most promising cure strategies under investigation.Recent findingsThere are significant challenges to achieve HIV eradication. These include the establishment of persistent latently infected cells, systemic chronic immune activation, and immune dysfunction. Since the announcement of the first HIV cure involving the Berlin patient, several attempts to reproduce these results have failed. Thus, it is widely accepted that long-term HIV remission would be a more feasible approach. Optimization of ART, immune-based therapies, therapeutic vaccinations, and gene editing, amongst others, are strategies aimed at controlling HIV in the absence of ART. These new strategies alone or in combination are being developed in preclinical studies and clinical trials and will provide further insight into whether long-term HIV remission is possible.SummaryThe present review discusses several mechanisms that mediate the persistence of the HIV reservoir, clinical cases that provide hope in finding a functional cure of HIV, and promising interventional strategies being tested in preclinical studies and clinical trials that attempt to reduce the HIV reservoirs and/or boost the immune responses to control HIV in the absence of ART.
| S-EPMC8696266 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aim: As part of the MaReCuM model curriculum at Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University, a final year rotation in ambulatory care was implemented and augmented to include ambulatory care simulation. In this paper we describe this ambulatory care simulation, the designated competency-based learning objectives, and evaluate the educational effect of the ambulatory care simulation training. Method: Seventy-five final year medical students participated in the survey (response rate: 83%). The control group completed the ambulatory rotation prior to the implementation of the ambulatory care simulation. The experimental group was required to participate in the simulation at the beginning of the final year rotation in ambulatory care. A survey of both groups was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the rotation. The learning objectives were taken from the National Competency-based Catalogue of Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Medical Education (NKLM). Results: The ambulatory care simulation had no measurable influence on students' subjectively perceived learning progress, the evaluation of the ambulatory care rotation, or working in an ambulatory care setting. At the end of the rotation participants in both groups reported having gained better insight into treating outpatients. At the beginning of the rotation members of both groups assessed their competencies to be at the same level. The simulated ambulatory scenarios were evaluated by the participating students as being well structured and easy to understand. The scenarios successfully created a sense of time pressure for those confronted with them. The ability to correctly fill out a narcotic prescription form as required was rated significantly higher by those who participated in the simulation. Participation in the ambulatory care simulation had no effect on the other competencies covered by the survey. Discussion: The effect of the four instructional units comprising the ambulatory care simulation was not measurable due to the current form or the measurement point at the end of the 12-week rotation. The reasons for this could be the many and statistically elusive factors relevant to the individual and the wide variety among final year rotation placements, the late point in time of the final survey, and the selection of simulated scenarios. The course is slated to undergo specific further development and should be supplemented with additional learning opportunities to ensure that the main learning objectives are covered. The description of the teaching format is meant to contribute to the ongoing development of medical education with an emphasis on competency in the areas of ambulatory care, communication, prevention and health promotion.
| S-EPMC5827188 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate the immediate and sustained knowledge retention and sense of self-efficacy of homecare nurses following completion of a standardized competency-based tracheostomy education course. Safe discharge of children requiring tracheostomy with or without ventilation relies on the competence of homecare nurses.Study designPragmatic, randomized controlled trial of 44 homecare nurses. Participants were randomized into the intervention group (n = 21), which received the tracheostomy course, or the control group (n = 23), which received an enterostomy and vascular access course. Multiple-choice question (MCQ) knowledge assessments and self-efficacy questionnaires were administered to both groups pre-course and post-course at 6 week, 3 month, 6 month, and 12 month follow-ups.ResultsTwenty participants in the intervention group and 19 in the control group were included. Four withdrew from the study and two crossed over from the control into the intervention arm. The change in mean self-efficacy scores (total score = 100) was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group at 6 weeks (intervention (mean ± SD): 18.6 ± 14.5; control: 6.6 ± 20.4; p = 0.04) and 3 months (intervention: 19.6 ± 14.2; control: 5.2 ± 17.0; p = 0.007), and trended higher at 6 months (intervention: 18.0 ± 14.5; control: 6.9 ± 24.1; p = 0.1). The change in mean MCQ assessment scores (total score = 20) trended higher in the intervention group than in the control group at 6 weeks (intervention (mean ± SD): 1.8 ± 2.2; control: 1.6, ± 2.9; p = 0.8).ConclusionsHomecare nurses who attended the tracheostomy course demonstrated a higher sense of self-efficacy at long-term follow-up.Clinical trial registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04559932.
| S-EPMC9220937 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The program "Implementing Goals of Care Conversations with Veterans in VA LTC Settings" is proposed in partnership with the US Veterans Health Administration (VA) National Center for Ethics in Health Care and the Geriatrics and Extended Care Program Offices, together with the VA Office of Nursing Services. The three projects in this program are designed to support a new system-wide mandate requiring providers to conduct and systematically record conversations with veterans about their preferences for care, particularly life-sustaining treatments. These treatments include cardiac resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and other forms of life support. However, veteran preferences for care go beyond whether or not they receive life-sustaining treatments to include issues such as whether or not they want to be hospitalized if they are acutely ill, and what kinds of comfort care they would like to receive.Three projects, all focused on improving the provision of veteran-centered care, are proposed. The projects will be conducted in Community Living Centers (VA-owned nursing homes) and VA Home-Based Primary Care programs in five regional networks in the Veterans Health Administration. In all the projects, we will use data from context and barrier and facilitator assessments to design feedback reports for staff to help them understand how well they are meeting the requirement to have conversations with veterans about their preferences and to document them appropriately. We will also use learning collaboratives-meetings in which staff teams come together and problem-solve issues they encounter in how to get veterans' preferences expressed and documented, and acted on-to support action planning to improve performance.We will use data over time to track implementation success, measured as the proportions of veterans in Community Living Centers (CLCs) and Home-Based Primary Care (HBPC) who have a documented goals of care conversation soon after admission. We will work with our operational partners to spread approaches that work throughout the Veterans Health Administration.
| S-EPMC5041212 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesVarious authors have explored the combination of competencies necessary for ensuring safe and quality care carried out by nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Nurses' perception of training is an element that must be studied in order to adopt appropriate educational measures. This study aimed to evaluate nurses' perception of the importance of intensive care training in Spain.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study was conducted on a national level in Spain. Totally 85 ICUs took part in the study. The questionnaire used was developed using the Delphi method and had 66 items to investigate nurses' perception on competency requirements and training needs. The evaluation was conducted by a 10-point Likert scale.ResultsThe sample was 568 Spanish nurses. Significant differences were found on an academic level, in terms of gender and hospital type, and in the professional experience of the nurse when it comes to evaluating the different training items; the differences in overall questionnaire scores among these groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The nurses analyzed believe that previous training and professional experience in other care services are necessary before starting work in an ICU.ConclusionImplementation of training programs tailored to the needs of critical nurses had benefits for nurses and the health system. Nurses benefited from training focused on the skills and knowledge of each moment of their working life. Nurses have a different evaluation of their training needs throughout their professional cycle. Therefore, their training must be adapted to the professional stage of each nurse.
| S-EPMC9305005 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Although spiritual care is a basic element of holistic nursing, nurses' spiritual care knowledge and abilities are often unable to satisfy patients' spiritual care needs. Therefore, nurses are in urgent need of relevant training to enhance their abilities to provide patients with spiritual care. DESIGN:A nonrandomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE:To establish a spiritual care training protocol and verify its effectiveness. METHODS:This study recruited 92 nurses at a cancer treatment hospital in a single province via voluntary sign-up. The nurses were divided into two groups-the study group (45 people) and the control (wait-listed) group (47 people)-using a coin-toss method. The study group received one spiritual care group training session every six months based on their routine nursing education; this training chiefly consisted of lectures by experts, group interventions, clinical practice, and case sharing. The control group participated in monthly nursing education sessions organized by the hospital for 12 continuous months. RESULTS:After 12?months of intervention, the nurses in the study group had significantly higher overall spiritual health and spiritual care competency scores as well as significantly higher scores on all individual dimensions compared with those in the control group (P?<?0.01). CONCLUSIONS:A spiritual care training protocol for nurses based on the concept of mutual growth with patients enhances nurses' spiritual well-being and spiritual care competencies.
| S-EPMC6880564 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The benefits of expanding funding for Medicaid long-term care home and community-based services (HCBS) relative to institutional care are often taken as self-evident. However, little is known about the outcomes of these services, especially for racial and ethnic minority groups, whose members tend to use the services more than whites do, and for people with dementia who may need high-intensity care. Using national Medicaid claims data on older adults enrolled in both Medicare and Medicaid, we found that overall hospitalization rates were similar for HCBS and nursing facility users, although nursing facility users were generally sicker as reflected in their claims history. Among HCBS users, blacks were more likely to be hospitalized than non-Hispanic whites were, and the gap widened among blacks and whites with dementia. Also, conditional on receiving HCBS, Medicaid HCBS spending was higher for whites than for nonwhites, and higher Medicare and Medicaid hospital spending for blacks and Hispanics did not offset this difference. Our findings suggest that home and community-based services need to be carefully targeted to avoid adverse outcomes and that the racial/ethnic disparities in access to high-quality institutional long-term care are also present in HCBS. Policy makers should consider the full costs and benefits of shifting care from nursing facilities to home and community settings and the potential implications for equity.
| S-EPMC7147241 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo compare the probability of experiencing a potentially preventable hospitalization (PPH) between older dual eligible Medicaid home and community-based service (HCBS) users and nursing home residents.Data sourcesThree years of Medicaid and Medicare claims data (2003-2005) from seven states, linked to area characteristics from the Area Resource File.Study designA primary diagnosis of an ambulatory care sensitive condition on the inpatient hospital claim was used to identify PPHs. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting to mitigate the potential selection of HCBS versus nursing home use.Principal findingsThe most frequent conditions accounting for PPHs were the same among the HCBS users and nursing home residents and included congestive heart failure, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, urinary tract infection, and dehydration. Compared to nursing home residents, elderly HCBS users had an increased probability of experiencing both a PPH and a non-PPH.ConclusionsHCBS users' increased probability for potentially and non-PPHs suggests a need for more proactive integration of medical and long-term care.
| S-EPMC4231571 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We used a custom-designed microarray and qPCR to characterize the persistent transcriptional response to long-term habituation training in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. Aplysia were exposed to either 3 days of spaced long-term habituation training (10 rounds of stimulation/day; each round = 15 min brushing at a 10s ISI; 15 min rest between rounds); a matched set of controls was not exposed to any brushing (n = 8/group). While reflex responsiveness remained stable in controls, trained animals exhibited a large reduction in siphon-withdrawal duration that was evident at stimulation sites across the entire dorsal surface of the body (head, tail, and siphon). This habituation was retained for at least 24 hours after the end of training. Immediately after 24 hour retention tests, pleural ganglia were harvested from each trained animal and its matched control. The pleural ganglia contain the VC nociceptors, which we confirmed are activated by the brush stimulus used to produce habituation. Microarray analysis from 8 biological replicates suggests that long-term habituation training persistently regulates 21 transcripts. We used qPCR to test a subset of these transcripts and found persistent regulation of an putative Aplysia cornichon homolog. Between-subjects comparison of a trained animal to a matched control (matching based on duration of pre-test responsiveness). Conducted with 8 biological replicates, meaning 8 arrays, each comparing 1 trained and 1 matched control.
2014-07-16 | E-GEOD-59448 | biostudies-arrayexpress