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Incorporating gold into nanocrystalline silver dressings reduces grain boundary size and maintains suitable antimicrobial properties.

ABSTRACT: Nanocrystalline silver dressings are widely known to be potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents and have long been used to treat topical wounds. Gold is known to be a strong anti-inflammatory agent and has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis for >70 years. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of incorporating gold into nanocrystalline silver dressings from antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory perspectives. Gold and silver dressing alloys were created by direct current magnetron sputtering and compared with pure silver nanocrystalline dressings using conventional biological (log reduction and corrected zone of inhibition) and physical (X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) characterisation techniques. While the gold/silver dressings were slightly weaker antimicrobials than the pure silver nanocrystalline structures, the addition of gold to the nanostructure reduces the minimum crystallite size from 17 to 4 nm. This difference increases the number of grain boundary atoms from 12% to 40% which could augment the anti-inflammatory properties of the dressings. The formation of gold oxide (Au2O3) was thought to be responsible for the observed decrease in crystallite size.

SUBMITTER: Unrau KR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7950740 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Grain rotation mediated by grain boundary dislocations in nanocrystalline platinum.

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Grain Boundary Specific Segregation in Nanocrystalline Fe(Cr).

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Competing grain-boundary- and dislocation-mediated mechanisms in plastic strain recovery in nanocrystalline aluminum.

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Revealing Grain Boundary Sliding from Textures of a Deformed Nanocrystalline Pd-Au Alloy.

Project description:Employing a recent modeling scheme for grain boundary sliding [Zhao et al. Adv. Eng. Mater.2017, doi:10.1002/adem.201700212], crystallographic textures were simulated for nanocrystalline fcc metals deformed in shear compression. It is shown that, as grain boundary sliding increases, the texture strength decreases while the signature of the texture type remains the same. Grain boundary sliding affects the texture components differently with respect to intensity and angular position. A comparison of a simulation and an experiment on a Pd-10 atom % Au alloy with a 15 nm grain size reveals that, at room temperature, the predominant deformation mode is grain boundary sliding contributing to strain by about 60%.

| S-EPMC5848887 | biostudies-other

Linking stress-driven microstructural evolution in nanocrystalline aluminium with grain boundary doping of oxygen.

Project description:The large fraction of material residing at grain boundaries in nanocrystalline metals and alloys is responsible for their ultrahigh strength, but also undesirable microstructural instability under thermal and mechanical loads. However, the underlying mechanism of stress-driven microstructural evolution is still poorly understood and precludes rational alloy design. Here we combine quantitative in situ electron microscopy with three-dimensional atom-probe tomography to directly link the mechanics and kinetics of grain boundary migration in nanocrystalline Al films with the excess of O atoms at the boundaries. Site-specific nanoindentation leads to grain growth that is retarded by impurities, and enables quantification of the critical stress for the onset of grain boundary migration. Our results show that a critical excess of impurities is required to stabilize interfaces in nanocrystalline materials against mechanical driving forces, providing new insights to guide control of deformation mechanisms and tailoring of mechanical properties apart from grain size alone.

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The relationship between grain boundary structure, defect mobility, and grain boundary sink efficiency.

Project description:Nanocrystalline materials have received great attention due to their potential for improved functionality and have been proposed for extreme environments where the interfaces are expected to promote radiation tolerance. However, the precise role of the interfaces in modifying defect behavior is unclear. Using long-time simulations methods, we determine the mobility of defects and defect clusters at grain boundaries in Cu. We find that mobilities vary significantly with boundary structure and cluster size, with larger clusters exhibiting reduced mobility, and that interface sink efficiency depends on the kinetics of defects within the interface via the in-boundary annihilation rate of defects. Thus, sink efficiency is a strong function of defect mobility, which depends on boundary structure, a property that evolves with time. Further, defect mobility at boundaries can be slower than in the bulk, which has general implications for the properties of polycrystalline materials. Finally, we correlate defect energetics with the volumes of atomic sites at the boundary.

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Dynamics of grain boundary premelting.

Project description:The mechanical strength of a polycrystalline material can be drastically weakened by a phenomenon known as grain boundary (GB) premelting that takes place, owing to the so-called disjoining potential, when the dry GB free energy [Formula: see text] exceeds twice the free energy of the solid-liquid interface [Formula: see text]. While previous studies of GB premelting are all limited to equilibrium conditions, we use a multi-phase field model to analyze premelting dynamics by simulating the steady-state growth of a liquid layer along a dry GB in an insulated channel and the evolution of a pre-melted polycrystalline microstructure. In both cases, our results reveal the crucial influence of the disjoining potential. A dry GB transforms into a pre-melted state for a grain-size-dependent temperature interval around [Formula: see text], such that a critical overheating of the dry GBs over [Formula: see text] should be exceeded for the classical melting process to take place, the liquid layer to achieve a macroscopic width, and the disjoining potential to vanish. Our simulations suggest a steady-state velocity for this transformation proportional to [Formula: see text]. Concerning the poly-crystalline evolution, we find unusual grain morphologies and dynamics, deriving from the existence of a pre-melted polycrystalline equilibrium that we evidence. We are then able to identify the regime in which, due to the separation of the involved length scales, the dynamics corresponds to the same curvature-driven dynamics as for dry GBs, but with enhanced mobility.

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