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Effects of precipitation change and nitrogen addition on the composition, diversity, and molecular ecological network of soil bacterial communities in a desert steppe.

ABSTRACT: Currently, the impact of changes in precipitation and increased nitrogen(N) deposition on ecosystems has become a global problem. In this study, we conducted a 8-year field experiment to evaluate the effects of interaction between N deposition and precipitation change on soil bacterial communities in a desert steppe using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results revealed that soil bacterial communities were sensitive to precipitation addition but were highly tolerant to precipitation reduction. Reduced precipitation enhanced the competitive interactions of soil bacteria and made the ecological network more stable. Nitrogen addition weakened the effect of water addition in terms of soil bacterial diversity and community stability, and did not have an interactive influence. Moreover, decreased precipitation and increased N deposition did not have a superimposed effect on soil bacterial communities in the desert steppe. Soil pH, moisture content, and NH4+-N and total carbon were significantly related to the structure of bacterial communities in the desert steppe. Based on network analysis and relative abundance, we identified Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria members as the most important keystone bacteria that responded to precipitation changes and N deposition in the soil of the desert steppe. In summary, we comprehensively analyzed the responses of the soil bacterial community to precipitation changes and N deposition in a desert steppe, which provides a model for studying the effects of ecological factors on bacterial communities worldwide.

SUBMITTER: Jia M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7968660 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Nitrogen (N) deposition is a worldwide issue caused by human activity. Long-term deposition of N strongly influences plant productivity and community composition. However, it is still unclear how the microbial community responds to long-term N addition in a desert ecosystem. Therefore, a long-term experiment was conducted in the Gurbantonggut Desert in northwestern China in 2015. Four N addition rates, 0 (CK), 5 (N1), 20 (N2), and 80 (N3) kg N ha-1 yr.-1, were tested and the soil was sampled after 6 years of N addition. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was used to analyze the soil microbial composition. The HTS results showed that N addition had no significant effect on the bacterial α-diversity and β-diversity (p > 0.05) but significantly reduced the archaeal β-diversity (p < 0.05). The fungal Chao1 and ACE indexes in the N2 treatment increased by 24.10 and 26.07%, respectively. In addition, N addition affected the bacterial and fungal community structures. For example, compared to CK, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased by 17.80%, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was reduced by 44.46% under N3 treatment. Additionally, N addition also changed the bacterial and fungal community functions. The N3 treatment showed increased relative abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria (27.06% higher than CK). The relative abundance of symbiotrophic fungi was increased in the N1 treatment (253.11% higher than CK). SOC and NH4 +-N could explain 62% of the changes in the fungal community function. N addition can directly affect the bacterial community function or indirectly through NO3 --N. These results suggest that different microbial groups may have various responses to N addition. Compared with bacteria and fungi, the effect of N addition was less on the archaeal community. Meanwhile, N-mediated changes of the soil properties play an essential role in changes in the microbial community. The results in the present study provided a reliable basis for an understanding of how the microbial community in a desert ecosystem adapts to long-term N deposition.

Dataset Information

Effects of precipitation change and nitrogen addition on the composition, diversity, and molecular ecological network of soil bacterial communities in a desert steppe.

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