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HPLC method development/validation and skin diffusion study of caffeine, methyl paraben and butyl paraben as skin-diffusing model drugs.

ABSTRACT: The focus of this research was to develop and validate a suitable HPLC method, which allows simultaneous determination of three proposed skin model penetrants to investigate the percutaneous diffusion behavior of their combination: caffeine, methyl paraben and butyl paraben. These penetrants were selected because they represent a wide range of lipophilicities. This model highlights the effect of combining penetrants of different molecular properties on their diffusion behavior through skin. The proposed method employed a gradient system that was systematically optimized for separation and quantification of the penetrants. The effect of the stationary phase (C18, C4 and cyano (CN)) was assessed with CN proven to be superior in terms of peak shape, retentivity and dynamic linear range. Significant differences in retention time, peak broadening, and quantifiability between different stationary phases could be demonstrated. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines Q2 (R1) with a satisfactory outcome. The method was successfully applied for real diffusion experiments, and revealed notable differences between the individual penetrants and their ternary mixture on transdermal permeation. The method could potentially be extended to determine these analytes in other related skin permeation investigations.

SUBMITTER: Mansour RSH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7968716 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Crystal structure of the co-crystal butyl-paraben-isonicotinamide (1/1).

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2022-08-21 | GSE211530 | GEO

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Project description:The use of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to study conformational dynamics in diffusing biopolymers requires that the contributions to the signal due to translational diffusion are separated from those due to conformational dynamics. A simple approach that has been proposed to achieve this goal involves the analysis of fluctuations in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency. In this work, we investigate the applicability of this methodology by combining Monte Carlo simulations and experiments. Results show that diffusion does not contribute to the measured fluctuations in FRET efficiency in conditions where the relaxation time of the kinetic process is much shorter than the mean transit time of the molecules in the optical observation volume. However, in contrast to what has been suggested in previous work, the contributions of diffusion are otherwise significant. Neglecting the contributions of diffusion can potentially lead to an erroneous interpretation of the kinetic mechanisms. As an example, we demonstrate that the analysis of FRET fluctuations in terms of a purely kinetic model would generally lead to the conclusion that the system presents complex kinetic behavior even for an idealized two-state system.

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