Mycobacterium szulgai pulmonary infection in a vitamin D-deficient patient: A case report.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lotfi H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7981631 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Mycobacterium malmoense infections have frequently been reported in northern Europe since the late 1970s. Factors accounting for this geographically localized epidemiology remain poorly understood.We report the case of a 54-year old man concomitantly diagnosed with non-small cell lung carcinoma and M. malmoense pulmonary infection. We present detailed clinical, microbiological and radiological elements strongly arguing for M. malmoense true pathogenicity. Since M. malmoense infection has rarely been reported in France, we also provide elements of the epidemiological investigation and a literature review of potential acquisition and transmission pathways of M. malmoense. We detail therapeutic interventions and subsequent favorable evolution.Mycobacterium malmoense is a recognized respiratory pathogen for which routes of infection need to be better investigated.
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Project description:A 67-year-old man with a pulmonary cavity was admitted to our hospital. Mycobacterial culture of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample obtained from the right upper pulmonary lesion tested positive for mycobacterium, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes, hsp65, and rpoB revealed that the cultured mycobacterium was Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum. Treatment with antimycobacterial agents was ineffective, and repeated culturing of bronchoscopic specimens revealed that the specimens were positive for Aspergillus fumigatus. Combination treatment of antimycobacterial agents and voriconazole improved the lung lesion. This is the first report of a patient with pulmonary M. parascrofulaceum infection complicated with chronic progressive pulmonary aspergillosis.
| S-EPMC7332639 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mycobacterium shigaense has recently been recognized as an emerging human pathogen, and is well known as a skin pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. In this report we describe the first case of chronic pulmonary infectious disease caused by M. shigaense in an immunocompetent individual.
| S-EPMC6940610 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION: Mycobacterium europaeum, a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium simiae complex, was described after the seminal characterization of five isolates collected from three sputum specimens and a jaw gland biopsy in Italy, Greece and Sweden. Five respiratory tract isolates were further reported in Iran. Here, we report the first isolation of M. europaeum in France, in the respiratory tract of a patient co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old Caucasian woman with a 26-year history of human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus co-infection was admitted for significant influenza-like syndrome in a context of repetitive exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Significant biological parameters included lymphocytes of 1.6G/L including 237/mm3 T4 lymphocytes, a human immunodeficiency virus viral load of 1.6 log and a hepatitis C virus viral load of 6 log. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of her nasopharyngeal aspiration confirmed influenza A H1N1. Three sputum specimens lacked acid-fast bacilli but one grew mycobacteria identified by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry as M. europaeum with a 1.56 log score. A 1,482-bp 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequence yielded 99% similarity with both Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum ATCC BAA-614 and M. europaeum DSM 45397T and partial rpoB polymerase chain reaction-sequencing yielded a 725-bp sequence exhibiting 100% similarity with M. europaeum strain DSM 45397T. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first isolation of M. europaeum in France, in the respiratory tract of a patient co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. M. europaeum warrants further attention in immunosuppressed patients with influenza, using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and rpoB partial sequencing as tools for its accurate identification.
| S-EPMC4307153 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction:We describe the first detailed case report of human infection with Mycobacterium stomatepiae. Infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) related to M. stomatepiae is well described, despite the lack of previous confirmed reports of M. stomatepiae-related human disease. Localised cervical lymphadenitis is the most common NTM disease in children, with species closely related to M. stomatepiae, such as Mycobacterium triplex and Mycobacterium florentinum, having been shown to be rare causative agents. Case presentation:A 19-month-old girl presented with persistent unilateral neck lumps which developed following a facial laceration. Both lumps were fluctuant with overlying erythema and no fistulae present. Incision and drainage with curettage was performed. The operative sample of purulent fluid revealed pleomorphic bacilli on Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The isolate cultured was referred for further genotypic identification via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, identifying the organism as M. stomatepiae. Conclusion:We describe the first detailed case report of human infection with M. stomatepiae. This organism can now be added to the growing list of NTM that are opportunistic human pathogens, though it is likely to remain a very rare causative agent of this clinical syndrome. Early diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion by the treating doctor, flagging potential cases to the microbiology laboratory and hence allowing correct specimen set-up. Laboratory diagnosis requires incubation of cultures at lower temperatures, and definitive identification is best performed by sequencing methods, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The description of novel species of NTM causing human disease is likely to increase with further advancements in diagnostic methods.
| S-EPMC5994709 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMycobacterium senegalense is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium and is found everywhere in the environment. However, M. senegalense infection in human is extremely rare, especially in immunocompetent individuals. It is difficult to detect M. senegalense infection because its symptoms are non-specific, and routine diagnostic tests are less sensitive. It is also resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Here, we report the first case of M. senegalense infection after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in China.Case presentationA 55-year-old man was admitted because of repeated infections at multiple incision sites for more than 1 year. Although routine diagnostic test results were negative, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) identified DNA sequences of M. senegalense in tissue samples from incision sites. The presence of M. senegalense was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis. After 60 days of quadruple therapy with clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and oxycycline, the patient's wound healed.ConclusionWe believe the case findings contribute to the limited amount of knowledge about M. senegalense infection and raises awareness that this infection can result in poor wound healing, even in an immunocompetent host. Owing to a lack of early, precise diagnosis, it is difficult to treat M. senegalense infections. Based on our findings, mNGS is a sensitive diagnostic test for M. senegalense infections.
| S-EPMC9309716 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background?:Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by pulmonary valve stenosis, ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. In its' extreme form, the pulmonary valve orifice does not develop during organogenesis, resulting in pulmonary atresia. We report a case of catheter ablation of symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) in a 37-year-old patient with congenital pulmonary atresia. Case summary?:The young man described paroxysmal tachycardia correlating to AF episodes in the previously implanted event recorder. Computed tomography scan described the complex anatomy with congenital pulmonary atresia, VSD, and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Electroanatomical mapping revealed typical pulmonary vein electrograms in a hypotrophic left atrium. Modified pulmonary vein isolation was successfully performed and non-excitability of the ablation line was reached. The patient recovered uneventfully and event recorder interrogation showed no AF recurrence after 3 months. Discussion?:Incidence of pulmonary atresia is low. Untreated survival rate is 50% after 1 year and 8% after 10?years. Tachycardia is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality in patients with cyanotic congenital heart defects and pulmonary vein foci are described as driver for AF. Considerations preceding catheter ablation included pathophysiological mechanism, complex anatomy, atypical left atrium access, and reduced pulmonary perfusion resulting in a hypotrophic left atrium. Pulmonary veins showed typical electrograms, and isolation of pulmonary veins was feasible without adverse events.
| S-EPMC6764579 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrimary pulmonary amoeba is very rare and here we report a case of a 68-year-old man presenting with primary pulmonary amoeba after undergoing chemotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma.Case presentationIn October 2016, the man aged 68 was admitted to our hospital because of repeated cough for 8 months and hemoptysis for 1 month. He was diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma and underwent surgery in 2012 without receiving chemotherapy. In March 2016, the patients suffered recurrence of cancer and was treated with chemotherapy. After 2 months of chemotherapy, the patient had consistent cough with white sputum, and chest CT showed a local lung nodule. The physicians suspected that the patient had pulmonary infectious diseases, and he was treated with empirical antibacterial treatment. However, his symptom wasn't relieved and later the percutaneous lung biopsy found trophozites of Entamoeba histolytica. After administration of metronidazole, the symptoms of the patient were markedly relieved and the lesions were absorbed.ConclusionsIn such cases where patients with pulmonary nodules were in immunodeficiency state and had adequate but ineffective anti-bacterial treatment, Entamoeba histolytica infection could be one of the rare causes. Percutaneous lung biopsy should be recommended and specific dying for parasites should be done when necessary.
| S-EPMC5921995 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCardiac metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma patients are infrequently encountered and usually associated with a very poor prognosis.Case presentationHereby, we report a case of an acute pulmonary embolism (PE) on top of HCC with direct cardiac invasion to the right atrium (RA) through the inferior vena cava with another metastasis to the right ventricular apex in the form of highly mobile cauliflower mass protruding through the tricuspid valve into RA and nearly obliterating right ventricular outflow tract in a multi-centric hepatocellular carcinoma patient.ConclusionAcute dyspnea in a patient with a long history of hepatitis C virus infection raises the suspicion of acute PE due to either hypercoagulable state induced by malignancy or by cardiac extension of the tumor which usually carries high mortality rates. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first case in the literature to show cardiac metastases in HCC with two different pathological mechanisms.
| S-EPMC8325740 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is a common and important cause of chronic pulmonary disease, typically characterized by fibrocavitary and nodular-bronchiectatic forms on computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Structural lung disease and the host's immune status can affect NTM pulmonary infections. Herein, we report a rare case of an NTM pulmonary infection with multiple nodules and masses (with internal cavitation) in an immunocompetent patient exhibiting interstitial lung abnormality on a chest CT.
| S-EPMC8150260 | biostudies-literature