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Rates of Incidental Findings in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children.


ABSTRACT:

Importance

Incidental findings (IFs) are unexpected abnormalities discovered during imaging and can range from normal anatomic variants to findings requiring urgent medical intervention. In the case of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), reliable data about the prevalence and significance of IFs in the general population are limited, making it difficult to anticipate, communicate, and manage these findings.

Objectives

To determine the overall prevalence of IFs in brain MRI in the nonclinical pediatric population as well as the rates of specific findings and findings for which clinical referral is recommended.

Design, setting, and participants

This cohort study was based on the April 2019 release of baseline data from 11 810 children aged 9 to 10 years who were enrolled and completed baseline neuroimaging in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, the largest US population-based longitudinal observational study of brain development and child health, between September 1, 2016, and November 15, 2018. Participants were enrolled at 21 sites across the US designed to mirror the demographic characteristics of the US population. Baseline structural MRIs were centrally reviewed for IFs by board-certified neuroradiologists and findings were described and categorized (category 1, no abnormal findings; 2, no referral recommended; 3; consider referral; and 4, consider immediate referral). Children were enrolled through a broad school-based recruitment process in which all children of eligible age at selected schools were invited to participate. Exclusion criteria were severe sensory, intellectual, medical, or neurologic disorders that would preclude or interfere with study participation. During the enrollment process, demographic data were monitored to ensure that the study met targets for sex, socioeconomic, ethnic, and racial diversity. Data were analyzed from March 15, 2018, to November 20, 2020.

Main outcomes and measures

Percentage of children with IFs in each category and prevalence of specific IFs.

Results

A total of 11 679 children (52.1% boys, mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.62] years) had interpretable baseline structural MRI results. Of these, 2464 participants (21.1%) had IFs, including 2013 children (17.2%) assigned to category 2, 431 (3.7%) assigned to category 3, and 20 (0.2%) assigned to category 4. Overall rates of IFs did not differ significantly between singleton and twin gestations or between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, but heritability analysis showed heritability for the presence or absence of IFs (h2 = 0.260; 95% CI, 0.135-0.387).

Conclusions and relevance

Incidental findings in brain MRI and findings with potential clinical significance are both common in the general pediatric population. By assessing IFs and concurrent developmental and health measures and following these findings over the longitudinal study course, the ABCD study has the potential to determine the significance of many common IFs.

SUBMITTER: Li Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7985817 | biostudies-literature | 2021 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Rates of Incidental Findings in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children.

Li Yi Y   Thompson Wesley K WK   Reuter Chase C   Nillo Ryan R   Jernigan Terry T   Dale Anders A   Sugrue Leo P LP   Brown Julian J   Dougherty Robert F RF   Rauschecker Andreas A   Rudie Jeffrey J   Barch Deanna M DM   Calhoun Vince V   Hagler Donald D   Hatton Sean S   Tanabe Jody J   Marshall Andrew A   Sher Kenneth J KJ   Heeringa Steven S   Hermosillo Robert R   Banich Marie T MT   Squeglia Lindsay L   Bjork James J   Zucker Robert R   Neale Michael M   Herting Megan M   Sheth Chandni C   Huber Rebeka R   Reeves Gloria G   Hettema John M JM   Howlett Katia Delrahim KD   Cloak Christine C   Baskin-Sommers Arielle A   Rapuano Kristina K   Gonzalez Raul R   Karcher Nicole N   Laird Angela A   Baker Fiona F   James Regina R   Sowell Elizabeth E   Dick Anthony A   Hawes Samuel S   Sutherland Matthew M   Bagot Kara K   Bodurka Jerzy J   Breslin Florence F   Morris Amanda A   Paulus Martin M   Gray Kevin K   Hoffman Elizabeth E   Weiss Susan S   Rajapakse Nishadi N   Glantz Meyer M   Nagel Bonnie B   Ewing Sarah Feldstein SF   Goldstone Aimee A   Pfefferbaum Adolf A   Prouty Devin D   Rosenberg Monica M   Bookheimer Susan S   Tapert Susan S   Infante Maria M   Jacobus Joanna J   Giedd Jay J   Shilling Paul P   Wade Natasha N   Uban Kristina K   Haist Frank F   Heyser Charles C   Palmer Clare C   Kuperman Joshua J   Hewitt John J   Cottler Linda L   Isaiah Amal A   Chang Linda L   Edwards Sarah S   Ernst Thomas T   Heitzeg Mary M   Puttler Leon L   Sripada Chandra C   Iacono William W   Luciana Monica M   Clark Duncan D   Luna Beatriz B   Schirda Claudiu C   Foxe John J   Freedman Edward E   Mason Michael M   McGlade Erin E   Renshaw Perry P   Yurgelun-Todd Deborah D   Albaugh Matthew M   Allgaier Nicholas N   Chaarani Bader B   Potter Alexandra A   Ivanova Masha M   Lisdahl Krista K   Do Elizabeth E   Maes Hermine H   Bogdan Ryan R   Anokhin Andrey A   Dosenbach Nico N   Glaser Paul P   Heath Andrew A   Casey Betty J BJ   Gee Dylan D   Garavan Hugh P HP   Dowling Gaya G   Brown Sandra S  

JAMA neurology 20210501 5


<h4>Importance</h4>Incidental findings (IFs) are unexpected abnormalities discovered during imaging and can range from normal anatomic variants to findings requiring urgent medical intervention. In the case of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), reliable data about the prevalence and significance of IFs in the general population are limited, making it difficult to anticipate, communicate, and manage these findings.<h4>Objectives</h4>To determine the overall prevalence of IFs in brain MRI in  ...[more]

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