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Creating and sustaining effective pipeline initiatives to increase diversity in biostatistics: the ENAR Fostering Diversity in Biostatistics Workshop.

ABSTRACT: Biostatisticians with advanced degrees are highly sought after. Employment opportunities in the fields of mathematics and statistics are expected to increase dramatically by 2028. Underrepresentation of minorities in biostatistics has been a persistent problem, yielding a demographic landscape that differs substantially from the general US population. In some instances, students may have the appropriate quantitative skills, but are unaware of biostatistics and in other instances, students may not yet have the appropriate quantitative background, but are intellectually capable and willing to shore up those skills once they learn about biostatistics as a viable, exciting career option. Therefore, in order to ensure robust scientific advancement, there must be a concerted effort to increase the pipeline of intellectually talented persons available with exposure to the appropriate quantitative skills who are interested in careers in biostatistics. The overarching goal of this paper is to discuss the development, implementation, and impact of a federally funded pipeline initiative aimed at increasing the number of underrepresented minorities successful in graduate training and professional careers in biostatistics as well as establishing effective mentoring and networking relationships. Our findings provide a roadmap for the development of sustainable initiatives to promote diversity in biostatistics and STEM fields more broadly.

SUBMITTER: Benn E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7993064 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Aspirnaut: a rural high school pipeline to increase diversity in STEM.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC8848678 | biostudies-literature

Setting Students Up for Success: A Short Interactive Workshop Designed to Increase Effective Study Habits.

Project description:IntroductionResearch shows that students generally utilize ineffective learning techniques such as massed practice and rereading. We developed an interactive workshop to teach first-year medical students highly effective learning techniques. Students often believe they know what works best for themselves. To impart effective strategies, we must disprove any current ineffective strategies. During the workshop, we employ activities designed to keep students engaged and reveal flaws in common study practices.MethodsThe workshop occurred during the first week of an integrated basic science course that provides a foundation for our integrated curriculum. In addition to presenting evidence supporting effective techniques, we also realized a practical aspect that needed to be addressed-the limited time available to medical students. Thus, we concluded the workshop by distilling principles into approaches they could immediately put into practice-before, during, and after lecture. Focusing on the most effective techniques made the approaches more palatable to students facing vast quantities of preparatory material.ResultsA postworkshop survey requested feedback for improvement and also included a table allowing students to indicate their interest and help needed for implementing each technique. This gave our Director of Academic Success invaluable insight as she developed additional workshops for first-year students.DiscussionAlthough study skills workshops are commonplace, this module is distinct in that it forces students to evaluate the effectiveness of their learning strategies and provides scaffolding for adopting highly effective study techniques. Ultimately, the goal was to educate our new students on implementing effective study techniques.

| S-EPMC6338170 | biostudies-literature

Collaboration for Developing and Sustaining Community Dementia-Friendly Initiatives: A Realist Evaluation.

Project description:BackgroundDementia-friendly communities (DFCs) are seen as key to the inclusion and participation of people with dementia and carers. Dementia-friendly initiatives (DFIs) are important building blocks for the growth of DFCs. The collaboration between different stakeholders is a central aspect in developing and sustaining DFIs.AimThis study tests and refines an initial theory about collaborating for DFIs with special attention for the involvement of people with dementia and their carers during the collaboration for DFIs. The realist approach is used for deepening contextual aspects, mechanisms, outcomes, and its explanatory power.MethodsA participatory case study design using qualitative data (focus groups, observations, reflections, minutes from meetings, and exit interviews) was executed in four Dutch municipalities that have ambitions to become dementia- friendly communities.ResultsThe refined theory on the collaboration for DFIs incorporates contextual aspects such as diversity, shared insights, and clarity. It draws attention to the importance of mechanisms such as the recognition of efforts and progress, informal distributed leadership, interdependency, belonging, significance, and commitment. These mechanisms resonate with feeling useful and feeling collectively powerful in the collaboration. The outcomes of collaboration were activation, getting new ideas, and fun. Our findings address how stakeholders' routines and perspectives impact the involvement of people with dementia and their carers during collaboration.ConclusionThis study provides detailed information about collaboration for DFIs. The collaboration for DFIs is largely influenced by feeling useful and collectively powerful. Further research is needed to understand how these mechanisms can be triggered with the involvement of people with dementia and their carers in the heart of the collaboration.

| S-EPMC10001691 | biostudies-literature

An Interactive Workshop Reviewing Basic Biostatistics and Applying Bayes' Theorem to Diagnostic Testing and Clinical Decision-Making.

Project description:IntroductionSensitivity, specificity, and predictive values-the basic statistics behind using and interpreting screening and diagnostic tests-are taught in all medical schools, yet studies have shown that a majority of physicians cannot correctly define and apply these concepts. Previous work has not rigorously examined this disconnect and attempted to address it.MethodsWe used adult learning theory to design a case-based interactive workshop to review biostatistics and apply them to clinical decision-making using Bayes' theorem. Participants took an anonymous multiple-choice pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest on definitions and application of the concepts, and we compared the scores between the three tests. Several experiences with early iterations provided feedback to improve the workshop but were not included for analysis.ResultsWe conducted the finalized workshop with 54 pediatrics students, residents, and faculty. All learners completed the immediate pre- and posttests, and eight completed the delayed posttest. Average scores rose from 4.5/8 (56%) on the pretest to 6.5/8 (81%) on the posttest and 6.4/8 (80%) on the delayed posttest. Two-tailed t tests showed p < .001 for the difference between the pretest and both posttests, and post hoc power analysis showed a power of 99% to detect the observed differences. There was no significant difference (p = .8) between the posttest and delayed posttest.DiscussionOur work demonstrates that an interactive workshop reviewing basic biostatistics and teaching rational diagnostic testing using Bayes' theorem can be effective in connecting theoretical knowledge of biostatistics to evidence-based decision-making in real clinical practice.

| S-EPMC6346275 | biostudies-literature

Fostering and sustaining transnational solidarities for transformative social change: Advancing community psychology research and action.

Project description:As we planned this special issue, the world was in the midst of a pandemic, one which brought into sharp focus many of the pre-existing economic, social, and climate crises, as well as, trends of widening economic and social inequalities. The pandemic also brought to the forefront an epistemic crisis that continues to decentre certain knowledges while maintaining the hegemony of Eurocentric ways of knowing and being. Thus, we set out to explore the possibilities that come with widening our ecology of knowledge and approaches to inquiry, including the power of critical reflective praxis and consciousness, and the important practices of repowering marginalised and oppressed groups. In this paper, we highlight scholarship that reflects a breadth of theories, methods, and practices that forge alliances, in and outside the academy, in different solidarity relationships toward liberation and wellbeing. Our desire as co-editors was not to endorse the plurality of solidarities expressed in the papers as an unyielding methodological or conceptual framework, but rather to hold them lightly within thematic spaces as invitations for readers to consider. Through editorial collaboration, we arrived at the following three thematic spaces: (1) ecologies of being and knowledge: Indigenous knowledge, networks, and plurilogues; (2) naming coloniality in context: Histories in the present and a wide lens; (3) relational knowledge practices: Creative joy of knowing beyond disciplines. From these thematic spaces we conclude that through repowering epistemic communities and narratives rooted in truth-telling, a plurality of solidarities are fostered and sustained locally and transnationally. Underpinned by an ethic of care, solidarity relationships are simultaneously unsettling dominant forms of knowledge and embrace ways of knowing and being that advances dignity, community, and nonviolence.

| S-EPMC9328190 | biostudies-literature

India's cost-effective COVID-19 vaccine development initiatives.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC7574682 | biostudies-literature

Creating effective titles for your scientific publications.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC6119233 | biostudies-literature

Co-creating community wellbeing initiatives: what is the evidence and how do they work?

Project description:BackgroundAddressing wellbeing at the community level, using a public health approach may build wellbeing and protective factors for all. A collaborative, community-owned approach can bring together experience, networks, local knowledge, and other resources to form a locally-driven, place-based initiative that can address complex issues effectively. Research on community empowerment, coalition functioning, health interventions and the use of local data provide evidence about what can be achieved in communities. There is less understanding about how communities can collaborate to bring about change, especially for mental health and wellbeing.MethodA comprehensive literature search was undertaken to identify community wellbeing initiatives that address mental health. After screening 8,972 titles, 745 abstracts and 188 full-texts, 12 exemplar initiatives were identified (39 related papers).ResultsEight key principles allowed these initiatives to become established and operate successfully. These principles related to implementation and outcome lessons that allowed these initiatives to contribute to the goal of increasing community mental health and wellbeing. A framework for community wellbeing initiatives addressing principles, development, implementation and sustainability was derived from this analysis, with processes mapped therein.ConclusionThis framework provides evidence for communities seeking to address community wellbeing and avoid the pitfalls experienced by many well-meaning but short-lived initiatives.

| S-EPMC11299278 | biostudies-literature

Creating effective focus cues in multi-plane 3D displays.

Project description:Focus cues are incorrect in conventional stereoscopic displays. This causes a dissociation of vergence and accommodation, which leads to visual fatigue and perceptual distortions. Multi-plane displays can minimize these problems by creating nearly correct focus cues. But to create the appearance of continuous depth in a multi-plane display, one needs to use depth-weighted blending: i.e., distribute light intensity between adjacent planes. Akeley et al. [ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 804 (2004)] and Liu and Hua [Opt. Express 18, 11562 (2009)] described rather different rules for depth-weighted blending. We examined the effectiveness of those and other rules using a model of a typical human eye and biologically plausible metrics for image quality. We find that the linear blending rule proposed by Akeley and colleagues [ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 804 (2004)] is the best solution for natural stimuli.

| S-EPMC3336737 | biostudies-literature

Creating effective interrupted time series graphs: Review and recommendations.

Project description:IntroductionInterrupted Time Series (ITS) studies may be used to assess the impact of an interruption, such as an intervention or exposure. The data from such studies are particularly amenable to visual display and, when clearly depicted, can readily show the short- and long-term impact of an interruption. Further, well-constructed graphs allow data to be extracted using digitizing software, which can facilitate their inclusion in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.AimWe provide recommendations for graphing ITS data, examine the properties of plots presented in ITS studies, and provide examples employing our recommendations.Methods and resultsGraphing recommendations from seminal data visualization resources were adapted for use with ITS studies. The adapted recommendations cover plotting of data points, trend lines, interruptions, additional lines and general graph components. We assessed whether 217 graphs from recently published (2013-2017) ITS studies met our recommendations and found that 130 graphs (60%) had clearly distinct data points, 100 (46%) had trend lines, and 161 (74%) had a clearly defined interruption. Accurate data extraction (requiring distinct points that align with axis tick marks and labels that allow the points to be interpreted) was possible in only 72 (33%) graphs.ConclusionWe found that many ITS graphs did not meet our recommendations and could be improved with simple changes. Our proposed recommendations aim to achieve greater standardization and improvement in the display of ITS data, and facilitate re-use of the data in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

| S-EPMC7818488 | biostudies-literature

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