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Transcriptomic signature of early life stress in male rat prefrontal cortex.

ABSTRACT: Early life stress (ELS) is associated with adverse mental health outcomes including anxiety, depression and addiction-like behaviours. While ELS is known to affect the developing brain, leading to increased stress responsiveness and increased glucocorticoid levels, the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of ELS remain incompletely characterised. Rodent models have been instrumental in beginning to uncover the molecular and cellular underpinnings of ELS. Limited nesting (LN), an ELS behavioural paradigm with significant improvements over maternal separation, mimics human maternal neglect. We have previously shown that LN leads to an increase in one of the behavioural measures of anxiety like-behaviours in rats (percent of entries in the EPM open arm). Here we assessed gene expression changes induced by ELS in rat prefrontal cortex by RNA-sequencing. We show that LN leads primarily to transcriptional repression and identify a molecular signature of LN in rat PFC that is observed across ELS protocols and replicable across rodent species (mouse and rat).

SUBMITTER: Oldham Green N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7995657 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Early life stress leads to gene expression down-regulation in prefrontal cortex

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2021-12-31 | GSE153044 | GEO

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Project description:Early-life stress has been linked to multiple neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric deficits. Our previous studies have linked maternal presence/absence from the nest in developing rat pups to changes in prefrontal cortex activity. Furthermore, we have shown that these changes are modulated by serotonergic signaling. Here we test whether changes in prefrontal cortex activity during early-life affect the developing cortex leading to behavioral alterations in the adult. We show that inhibiting the prefrontal cortex of mouse pups leads to cognitive deficits in the adult comparable to those seen following maternal separation. Moreover, we show that activating the prefrontal cortex during maternal separation can prevent these behavioral deficits. To test how maternal separation affects the transcriptional profile of the prefrontal cortex we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing. Maternal separation lead to differential gene expression almost exclusively in inhibitory neurons. Among others, we found changes in GABAergic and serotonergic pathways in these interneurons. Interestingly, both maternal separation and early-life prefrontal cortex inhibition led to changes in physiological responses in prefrontal activity to GABAergic and serotonergic antagonists that were similar to the responses of more immature brains. Prefrontal activation during maternal separation prevented these changes. These data point to a crucial role of prefrontal cortex activity during early-life in behavioral expression in adulthood

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Early life stress leads to gene expression down-regulation in prefrontal cortex [microarray]

Project description:Early life stress (ELS) is associated with adverse mental health outcomes including anxiety, depression and addiction-like behaviours. While ELS is known to affect the developing brain by leading to increased stress responsiveness and increased glucocorticoid levels, the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of ELS remain incompletely characterised. Rodent models have been instrumental in beginning to uncover the molecular and cellular underpinnings of ELS. Limited nesting (LN), an ELS behavioural paradigm with significant improvements over maternal separation, mimics human maternal neglect. We have previously shown that LN leads to anxiety like-behaviours in rats. Here we assessed gene expression changes induced by ELS in rat prefrontal cortex by RNA-sequencing. We show that LN leads primarily to transcriptional repression and identify a molecular signature of LN in rat PFC that is robust to the behavioural paradigm and replicable across rodent species (mouse and rat).

2021-12-31 | GSE153042 | GEO

Early life stress alters transcriptomic patterning across reward circuitry in male and female mice.

Project description:Abuse, neglect, and other forms of early life stress (ELS) significantly increase risk for psychiatric disorders including depression. In this study, we show that ELS in a postnatal sensitive period increases sensitivity to adult stress in female mice, consistent with our earlier findings in male mice. We used RNA-sequencing in the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex of male and female mice to show that adult stress is distinctly represented in the brain's transcriptome depending on ELS history. We identify: 1) biological pathways disrupted after ELS and associated with increased behavioral stress sensitivity, 2) putative transcriptional regulators of the effect of ELS on adult stress response, and 3) subsets of primed genes specifically associated with latent behavioral changes. We also provide transcriptomic evidence that ELS increases sensitivity to future stress through enhancement of known programs of cortical plasticity.

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Early life stress leads to gene expression down-regulation in prefrontal cortex [RNA-seq]

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Consequences of early life stress on genomic landscape of H3K4me3 in prefrontal cortex of adult mice.

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Transcriptional Profiling of Rat Prefrontal Cortex after Acute Inescapable Footshock Stress.

Project description:Stress is a primary risk factor for psychiatric disorders such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The response to stress involves the regulation of transcriptional programs, which is supposed to play a role in coping with stress. To evaluate transcriptional processes implemented after exposure to unavoidable traumatic stress, we applied microarray expression analysis to the PFC of rats exposed to acute footshock (FS) stress that were sacrificed immediately after the 40 min session or 2 h or 24 h after. While no substantial changes were observed at the single gene level immediately after the stress session, gene set enrichment analysis showed alterations in neuronal pathways associated with glia development, glia-neuron networking, and synaptic function. Furthermore, we found alterations in the expression of gene sets regulated by specific transcription factors that could represent master regulators of the acute stress response. Of note, these pathways and transcriptional programs are activated during the early stress response (immediately after FS) and are already turned off after 2 h-while at 24 h, the transcriptional profile is largely unaffected. Overall, our analysis provided a transcriptional landscape of the early changes triggered by acute unavoidable FS stress in the PFC of rats, suggesting that the transcriptional wave is fast and mild, but probably enough to activate a cellular response to acute stress.

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The influence of early life stress on social behavior and transcriptome in the prefrontal cortex.

Project description:Early life stress (ELS), such as neglect and maltreatment, exhibits a strong impact on the mental and brain development of children. However, it is not fully understood how ELS affects the function in developing prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this study, we performed social isolation on weaned pre-adolescent mice and investigated how ELS could affect the function in behavior and transcriptome in PFC. We found that reductions of social interaction, social preference, and social novelty in ELS mice. Moreover, an increase of anxiety-like behavior was observed in ELS mice, but there were no changes in weight and repetitive behavior. To identify the gene involved in social behavior, we conducted transcriptome analysis and identified 15 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the PFC of ELS mice. These genes were involved in transcriptional regulation, stress, and synaptic signaling. We also found that a decreased number of neurons and an increased number of microglia in the PFC of ELS mice. These results suggest that ELS affects PFC cytoarchitecture by stress signal transduction and eventually alters mouse behavior. Our study demonstrates that ELS influences behavior, transcriptome and cytoarchitecture in the brain of adolescent mice.

2021-11-30 | GSE180055 | GEO

Repeated stress alters dendritic spine morphology in the rat medial prefrontal cortex.

Project description:Anatomical alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are associated with hypothalamopituitary adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, altered stress hormone levels, and psychiatric symptoms of stress-related mental illnesses. Functional imaging studies reveal impairment and shrinkage of the mPFC in such conditions, and these findings are paralleled by experimental studies showing dendritic retraction and spine loss following repeated stress in rodents. Here we extend this characterization to how repeated stress affects dendritic spine morphology in mPFC through the utilization of an automated approach that rapidly digitizes, reconstructs three dimensionally, and calculates geometric features of neurons. Rats were perfused after being subjected to 3 weeks of daily restraint stress (6 hours/day), and intracellular injections of Lucifer Yellow were made in layer II/III pyramidal neurons in the dorsal mPFC. To reveal spines in all angles of orientation, deconvolved high-resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy image stacks of dendritic segments were reconstructed and analyzed for spine volume, surface area, and length using a Rayburst-based automated approach (8,091 and 8,987 spines for control and stress, respectively). We found that repeated stress results in an overall decrease in mean dendritic spine volume and surface area, which was most pronounced in the distal portion of apical dendritic fields. Moreover, we observed an overall shift in the population of spines, manifested by a reduction in large spines and an increase in small spines. These results suggest a failure of spines to mature and stabilize following repeated stress and are likely to have major repercussions on function, receptor expression, and synaptic efficacy.

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Dysregulation of the mesoprefrontal dopamine circuit mediates an early-life stress-induced synaptic imbalance in the prefrontal cortex.

Project description:Stress adversely affects an array of cognitive functions. Although stress-related disorders are often addressed in adulthood, far less is known about how early-life stress (ELS) affects the developing brain in early postnatal periods. Here we show that ELS, induced by maternal separation, leads to synaptic alteration of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice. We find that layer 2/3 neurons show increased excitatory synapse numbers following ELS and that this is accompanied by hyperexcitability of PFC-projecting dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Notably, excitatory synaptic change requires local signaling through DA D2 receptors. In vivo pharmacological treatment with a D2 receptor agonist in the PFC of control mice mimics the effects of ELS on synaptic alterations. Our findings reveal a neuromodulatory mechanism underlying ELS-induced PFC dysfunction, and this mechanism may facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of how ELS leads to mental disorders.

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