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Towards Personalised Contrast Injection: Artificial-Intelligence-Derived Body Composition and Liver Enhancement in Computed Tomography.

ABSTRACT: In contrast-enhanced computed tomography, total body weight adapted contrast injection protocols have proven successful in achieving a homogeneous enhancement of vascular structures and liver parenchyma. However, because solid organs have greater perfusion than adipose tissue, the lean body weight (fat-free mass) rather than the total body weight is theorised to cause even more homogeneous enhancement. We included 102 consecutive patients who underwent a multiphase abdominal computed tomography between March 2016 and October 2019. Patients received contrast media (300 mgI/mL) according to bodyweight categories. Using regions of interest, we measured the Hounsfield unit (HU) increase in liver attenuation from unenhanced to contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Furthermore, subjective image quality was graded using a four-point Likert scale. An artificial intelligence algorithm automatically segmented and determined the body compositions and calculated the percentages of lean body weight. The hepatic enhancements were adjusted for iodine dose and iodine dose per total body weight, as well as percentage lean body weight. The associations between enhancement and total body weight, body mass index, and lean body weight were analysed using linear regression. Patients had a median age of 68 years (IQR: 58-74), a total body weight of 81 kg (IQR: 73 - 90), a body mass index of 26 kg/m² (SD: ±4.2), and a lean body weight percentage of 50% (IQR: 36 - 55). Mean liver enhancements in the portal venous phase were 61 ± 12 HU (≤ 70 kg), 53 ± 10 HU (70 - 90 kg), and 53 ± 7 HU (≥ 90 kg). The majority (93%) of scans were rated as good or excellent. Regression analysis showed significant correlations between liver enhancement corrected for injected total iodine and total body weight (r = 0.53; p < 0.001) and between liver enhancement corrected for lean body weight and the percentage of lean body weight (r = 0.73; p < 0.001). Most benefits from personalising iodine injection using %LBW additive to total body weight would be achieved in patients under 90 kg. Liver enhancement is more strongly associated with the percentage of lean body weight than with the total body weight or body mass index. The observed variation in liver enhancement might be reduced by a personalised injection based on the artificial-intelligence-determined percentage of lean body weight.

SUBMITTER: de Jong DJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7996171 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sarcopenia and body composition change during primary treatment on survival outcomes in patients with early cervical cancer. We retrospectively identified patients diagnosed with 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB1-IIA2 cervical cancer who underwent primary radical hysterectomy between 2007 and 2019. From pre-treatment CT scans (n = 306), the skeletal muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) and the waist skeletal muscle volume were measured using an artificial intelligence-based tool. These values were converted to the L3 and volumetric skeletal muscle indices by normalization. We defined L3 and volumetric sarcopenia using 39.0 cm2/m2 and the first quartile (Q1) value, respectively. From pre- and post-treatment CT scan images (n = 192), changes (%) in waist skeletal muscle and fat volumes were assessed. With the use of Cox regression models, factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Between the L3 sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, no differences in PFS and OS were observed. In contrast, volumetric sarcopenia was identified as a poor prognostic factor for PFS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.874; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.028-3.416; p = 0.040) and OS (aHR, 3.001; 95% CI, 1.016-8.869; p = 0.047). During primary treatment, significant decreases in waist skeletal muscle (median, -3.9%; p < 0.001) and total fat (median, -5.3%; p < 0.001) were observed. Of the two components, multivariate analysis revealed that the waist fat gain was associated with worse PFS (aHR, 2.007; 95% CI, 1.009-3.993; p = 0.047). The coexistence of baseline volumetric sarcopenia and waist fat gain further deteriorated PFS (aHR, 2.853; 95% CI, 1.257-6.474; p = 0.012). In conclusion, baseline volumetric sarcopenia might be associated with poor survival outcomes in patients with early cervical cancer undergoing primary RH. Furthermore, sarcopenia patients who gained waist fat during primary treatment were at a high risk of disease recurrence.

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Towards Personalised Contrast Injection: Artificial-Intelligence-Derived Body Composition and Liver Enhancement in Computed Tomography.

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