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A single-chain and fast-responding light-inducible Cre recombinase as a novel optogenetic switch.

ABSTRACT: Optogenetics enables genome manipulations with high spatiotemporal resolution, opening exciting possibilities for fundamental and applied biological research. Here, we report the development of LiCre, a novel light-inducible Cre recombinase. LiCre is made of a single flavin-containing protein comprising the AsLOV2 photoreceptor domain of Avena sativa fused to a Cre variant carrying destabilizing mutations in its N-terminal and C-terminal domains. LiCre can be activated within minutes of illumination with blue light without the need of additional chemicals. When compared to existing photoactivatable Cre recombinases based on two split units, LiCre displayed faster and stronger activation by light as well as a lower residual activity in the dark. LiCre was efficient both in yeast, where it allowed us to control the production of β-carotene with light, and human cells. Given its simplicity and performances, LiCre is particularly suited for fundamental and biomedical research, as well as for controlling industrial bioprocesses.

SUBMITTER: Duplus-Bottin H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7997657 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Light-inducible Cre recombinase (LiCre)

Project description: Not available

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CRE recombinase-inducible RNA interference mediated by lentiviral vectors.

Project description:Recently, several systems designed to trigger RNA interference by using small hairpin RNA driven by polymerase III promoters have been described. Here, we report a lentiviral-mediated small interfering RNA delivery system that can be induced by CRE recombinase. The system consists of a lentiviral vector carrying a mouse U6 promoter that is separated from a small hairpin RNA by a random DNA stuffer sequence flanked by modified loxP sites. The silencing cassette is not expressed until activated by addition of CRE recombinase delivered by a lentiviral vector. We have used this system to show specific down-regulation of GFP and two endogenous genes (the tumor suppressor p53 and the NF-kappaB transcription factor subunit p65) in vitro. Furthermore, down-regulation of both p53 and p65 resulted in the expected effect on downstream genes and cellular phenotype. We foresee multiple applications of this system both in vitro and in vivo to down-regulate specific targets in a tissue-specific and localized manner.

| S-EPMC409921 | biostudies-literature

An androgen-inducible proximal tubule-specific Cre recombinase transgenic model.

Project description:To facilitate the study of renal proximal tubules, we generated a transgenic mouse strain expressing an improved Cre recombinase (iCre) under the control of the kidney androgen-regulated protein (KAP) promoter. The transgene was expressed in the kidney of male mice but not in female mice. Treatment of female transgenic mice with androgen induced robust expression of the transgene in the kidney. We confirmed the presence of Cre recombinase activity and the cell specificity by breeding the KAP2-iCRE mice with ROSA26 reporter mice. X-Gal staining of kidney sections from male double transgenic mice showed robust staining in the epithelial cells of renal proximal tubules. beta-Gal staining in female mice became evident in proximal tubules after administration of androgen. This model of inducible Cre recombinase in the renal proximal tubule should provide a novel useful tool for studying the physiological significance of genes expressed in the renal proximal tubule. This has advantages over other current models where Cre recombinase expression is constitutive, not inducible.

| S-EPMC3584705 | biostudies-literature

Generation of a self-cleaved inducible Cre recombinase for efficient temporal genetic manipulation.

Project description:Site-specific recombinase-mediated genetic technology, such as inducible Cre-loxP recombination (CreER), is widely used for in vivo genetic manipulation with temporal control. The Cre-loxP technology improves our understanding on the in vivo function of specific genes in organ development, tissue regeneration, and disease progression. However, inducible CreER often remains inefficient in gene deletion. In order to improve the efficiency of gene manipulation, we generated a self-cleaved inducible CreER (sCreER) that switches inducible CreER into a constitutively active Cre by itself. We generated endocardial driver Npr3-sCreER and fibroblast driver Col1a2-sCreER, and compared them with conventional Npr3-CreER and Col1a2-CreER, respectively. For easy-to-recombine alleles such as R26-tdTomato, there was no significant difference in recombination efficiency between sCreER and the conventional CreER. However, for alleles that were relatively inert for recombination such as R26-Confetti, R26-LZLT, R26-GFP, or VEGFR2flox/flox alleles, sCreER showed a significantly higher efficiency in recombination compared with conventional CreER in endocardial cells or fibroblasts. Compared with conventional CreER, sCreER significantly enhances the efficiency of recombination to induce gene expression or gene deletion, allowing temporal yet effective in vivo genomic modification for studying gene function in specific cell lineages.

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A specificity switch in selected cre recombinase variants is mediated by macromolecular plasticity and water.

Project description:The basis for the altered DNA specificities of two Cre recombinase variants, obtained by mutation and selection, was revealed by their cocrystal structures. The proteins share similar substitutions but differ in their preferences for the natural LoxP substrate and an engineered substrate that is inactive with wild-type Cre, LoxM7. One variant preferentially recombines LoxM7 and contacts the substituted bases through a hydrated network of novel interlocking protein-DNA contacts. The other variant recognizes both LoxP and LoxM7 utilizing the same DNA backbone contact but different base contacts, facilitated by an unexpected DNA shift. Assisted by water, novel interaction networks can arise from few protein substitutions, suggesting how new DNA binding specificities might evolve. The contributions of macromolecular plasticity and water networks in specific DNA recognition observed here present a challenge for predictive schemes.

| S-EPMC2891429 | biostudies-literature

Heme oxygenase-1 expression protects the heart from acute injury caused by inducible Cre recombinase.

Project description:The protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in cardiovascular disease has been previously demonstrated using transgenic animal models in which HO-1 is constitutively overexpressed in the heart. However, the temporal requirements for protection by HO-1 induction relative to injury have not been investigated, but are essential to employ HO-1 as a therapeutic strategy in human cardiovascular disease states. Therefore, we generated mice with cardiac-specific, tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible overexpression of a human HO-1 (hHO-1) transgene (myosin heavy chain (MHC)-HO-1 mice) by breeding mice with cardiac-specific expression of a TAM-inducible Cre recombinase (MHC-Cre mice), with mice containing an hHO-1 transgene preceded by a floxed-stop signal. MHC-HO-1 mice overexpress HO-1 mRNA and the enzymatically active protein following TAM administration (40?mg/kg body weight on 2 consecutive days). In MHC-Cre controls, TAM administration leads to severe, acute cardiac toxicity, cardiomyocyte necrosis, and 80% mortality by day 3. This cardiac toxicity is accompanied by a significant increase in inflammatory cells in the heart that are predominantly neutrophils. In MHC-HO-1 mice, HO-1 overexpression ameliorates the depression of cardiac function and high mortality rate observed in MHC-Cre mice following TAM administration and attenuates cardiomyocyte necrosis and neutrophil infiltration. These results highlight that HO-1 induction is sufficient to prevent the depression of cardiac function observed in mice with TAM-inducible Cre recombinase expression by protecting the heart from necrosis and neutrophil infiltration. These findings are important because MHC-Cre mice are widely used in cardiovascular research despite the limitations imposed by Cre-induced cardiac toxicity, and also because inflammation is an important pathological component of many human cardiovascular diseases.

| S-EPMC3729748 | biostudies-literature

Reproducible doxycycline-inducible transgene expression at specific loci generated by Cre-recombinase mediated cassette exchange.

Project description:Comparative analysis of mutants using transfection is complicated by clones exhibiting variable levels of gene expression due to copy number differences and genomic position effects. Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) can overcome these problems by introducing the target gene into pre-determined chromosomal loci, but recombination between the available recombinase targeting sites can reduce the efficiency of targeted integration. We developed a new LoxP site (designated L3), which when used with the original LoxP site (designated L2), allows highly efficient and directional replacement of chromosomal DNA with incoming DNA. A total of six independent LoxP integration sites introduced either by homologous recombination or retroviral delivery were analyzed; 70-80% of the clones analyzed in hamster and human cells were correct recombinants. We combined the RMCE strategy with a new, tightly regulated tetracycline induction system to produce a robust, highly reliable system for inducible transgene expression. We observed stable inducible expression for over 1 month, with uniform expression in the cell population and between clones derived from the same integration site. This system described should find significant applications for studies requiring high level and regulated transgene expression and for determining the effects of various stresses or oncogenic conditions in vivo and in vitro.

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Robust inducible Cre recombinase activity in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum enables efficient gene deletion within a single asexual erythrocytic growth cycle.

Project description:Asexual blood stages of the malaria parasite, which cause all the pathology associated with malaria, can readily be genetically modified by homologous recombination, enabling the functional study of parasite genes that are not essential in this part of the life cycle. However, no widely applicable method for conditional mutagenesis of essential asexual blood-stage malarial genes is available, hindering their functional analysis. We report the application of the DiCre conditional recombinase system to Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of the most dangerous form of malaria. We show that DiCre can be used to obtain rapid, highly regulated site-specific recombination in P. falciparum, capable of excising loxP-flanked sequences from a genomic locus with close to 100% efficiency within the time-span of a single erythrocytic growth cycle. DiCre-mediated deletion of the SERA5 3' UTR failed to reduce expression of the gene due to the existence of alternative cryptic polyadenylation sites within the modified locus. However, we successfully used the system to recycle the most widely used drug resistance marker for P. falciparum, human dihydrofolate reductase, in the process producing constitutively DiCre-expressing P. falciparum clones that have broad utility for the functional analysis of essential asexual blood-stage parasite genes.

| S-EPMC3708112 | biostudies-literature

Efficient in vivo doxycycline and cre recombinase-mediated inducible transgene activation in the murine trabecular meshwork.

Project description:To generate new mouse lines that facilitate inducible gene activation in the murine trabecular meshwork in vivo.Two expression cassettes were knocked into the 3'-UTR of the Myocilin (Myoc) locus, an abundantly expressed extracellular matrix protein produced by cells of the trabecular meshwork. The first cassette directs expression of an inducible form of Cre recombinase, CreER(T2), which is activated by tamoxifen administration under the control of endogenous Myoc regulatory elements. The second cassette contains a reverse tetracycline transactivator, rtTA(M2), which directs the expression of tetracycline-operator transgenes on exposure of animals to doxycycline (Dox). These lines were crossed to GFP and lacZ reporter mice to assay for tamoxifen or Dox-induced transgene expression.Both the Myoc-CreER(T2) and the Myoc-rtTA(M2) lines were capable of directing efficient and inducible expression of transgenes in the murine trabecular meshwork in vivo. In addition, activation of transgenes by Myoc-rtTA(M2) was reversible with loss of transgene expression after Dox withdrawal. Examination of multiple tissues demonstrates efficient transgene activation in the trabecular meshwork, with additional sites of transgene activation including cells in the retina, sclera, lung, kidney, and abundant activation in the neocortex and hippocampus.Two new mouse lines have been generated that allow for efficient and inducible transgene activation in the murine trabecular meshwork in vivo.

| S-EPMC3053115 | biostudies-literature

Expression Patterns of Inducible Cre Recombinase Driven by Differential Astrocyte-Specific Promoters in Transgenic Mouse Lines.

Project description:Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). They provide trophic support for neurons, modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, and contribute to neuronal dysfunction. Many transgenic mouse lines have been generated to obtain astrocyte-specific expression of inducible Cre recombinase for functional studies; however, the expression patterns of inducible Cre recombinase in these lines have not been systematically characterized. We generated a new astrocyte-specific Aldh1l1-CreERT2 knock-in mouse line and compared the expression pattern of Cre recombinase between this and five widely-used transgenic lines (hGfap-CreERT2 from The Jackson Laboratory and The Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, Glast-CreERT2, Cx30-CreERT2, and Fgfr3-iCreERT2) by crossing with Ai14 mice, which express tdTomato fluorescence following Cre-mediated recombination. In adult Aldh1l1-CreERT2:Ai14 transgenic mice, tdTomato was detected throughout the CNS, and five novel morphologically-defined types of astrocyte were described. Among the six evaluated lines, the specificity of Cre-mediated recombination was highest when driven by Aldh1l1 and lowest when driven by hGfap; in the latter mice, co-staining between tdTomato and NeuN was observed in the hippocampus and cortex. Notably, evident leakage was noted in Fgfr3-iCreERT2 mice, and the expression level of tdTomato was low in the thalamus when Cre recombinase expression was driven by Glast and in the capsular part of the central amygdaloid nucleus when driven by Cx30. Furthermore, tdTomato was clearly expressed in peripheral organs in four of the lines. Our results emphasize that the astrocyte-specific CreERT2 transgenic lines used in functional studies should be carefully selected.

| S-EPMC7186293 | biostudies-literature

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