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"Well, You Feel More Responsible When You're Unsupervised": Exploring Family Perspectives on Children's Independent Mobility.

ABSTRACT: While children's independent mobility (CIM) is associated with various benefits, there is evidence of a generational decline in CIM in westernized countries; therefore, it is helpful to understand how CIM is currently negotiated between children and their parents. The purpose of this study was to examine children's and parents' perspectives and negotiations of CIM within the family unit. Face-to-face interviews and walk-along interviews were conducted with parents (n = 44) and children (n = 22), respectively. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Four key preconditions were identified that facilitated negotiation of CIM within family units, including (1) the influence of parents' childhood experiences regarding their view of CIM (e.g., positive interpretations of childhood on parenting practices), (2) the role of children's individual characteristics on their independent mobility (e.g., child's confidence in their abilities), (3) family communication as a key coping strategy (parent-parent and parent-child communication), and (4) the influence of positive perceptions of the social environment on CIM. The findings suggest that CIM thrives when these conditions are present; as a result, it may be particularly helpful to develop policies and programs that support children's skill training, explore strategies to support communication between parents and children, and build neighbourhood connections.

SUBMITTER: Riazi NA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7998357 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundFatigue is commonly experienced in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. In order to develop patient-centred psychosocial interventions to help patients manage fatigue symptoms, a more in-depth understanding regarding the experience of fatigue is needed.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore renal patients' experiences of fatigue, across renal replacement therapy (RRT) modalities.MethodsTwenty-five in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsMain themes included the strong role of the illness and treatment in the aetiology of fatigue. Two contrasting streams of illness-fatigue interpretations emerged: catastrophizing versus normalizing. Participants emphasized the importance of having a sense of purpose in facilitating active management of fatigue. Many participants described the consequences of fatigue on their functioning. Low mood, frustration, and anger were common emotional consequences of fatigue. Three dominant fatigue management strategies emerged: one related to accommodation of activities around fatigue, another on increasing activities to counteract fatigue, and the third one revolved around self-compassion. Social support emerged as an important aspect of the fatigue experience, serving as a source of motivation, yet participants were wary of becoming a burden to others.ConclusionFindings identify casual attributions, behavioural and emotional reactions, management strategies, and facilitators of active management of fatigue in ESKD. Untying fatigue from the illness and treatment may help patients to develop alternative less catastrophic perceptions of fatigue, increase their perception of control over fatigue, and facilitate active fatigue management. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Fatigue is persistent and debilitating in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), with no consistent treatment model. Promising evidence is available for psychological fatigue interventions in other chronic conditions. There is a gap in studies looking at the fatigue experiences of patients with ESKD across renal replacement therapies. What does this study add? Fatigue is not inherently negative, but shaped by patients' beliefs and behaviours. Findings provide novel insights, for example, on the important role social support seems to play in fatigue. An in-depth understanding of fatigue may help to inform a future patient-centred intervention in ESKD.

Project description:Research on children's quality of life and subjective well-being has advanced over the past decade largely as a result of developments in childhood theory, children's rights legislation, and the shift toward positive social science. However, in line with the uncertainty regarding the conceptualization of subjective well-being, the structural configuration of children's subjective well-being has not been considered in the literature. In the current study, we present and test a model of children's subjective well-being, which includes global (context-free items assessing overall and general well-being, without reference to a specific aspect of life) and specific (domain-based items assessing a specific aspect of life) cognitive components, and positive and negative affect. We further test the fit structure of a hierarchical structural (second-order) model of children's subjective well-being. Finally, we test the measurement invariance of the hierarchical model across age and gender. We use data from the third Wave of the Children's Worlds Survey. The data source includes a sample of 92,782 participants selected from 35 countries (girls = 49.7%) in two age groups (10- and 12-years-old). We found a good fit for the four-factor confirmatory factor model of children's subjective well-being. Correlations between the various latent factors were as anticipated-with positive correlations between the life satisfaction components and positive affect, and negative correlations with negative affect. We further found a good fit for the hierarchical structural model of children's subjective well-being. Finally, we found the tenability of measurement invariance across age and gender. The study extends the generalizability of the hierarchical structural configuration of the subjective well-being to child samples, and provides a viable model to explore correlates and predictors of children's subjective well-being using the full conceptual model. Finally, we propound the tenability of a quadripartite hierarchical conceptual model of children's subjective well-being.

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"Well, You Feel More Responsible When You're Unsupervised": Exploring Family Perspectives on Children's Independent Mobility.

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