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Comparison of the Staphylococcal Chromosome Cassette (SCC) mec in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Non-aureus Staphylococci (MRNAS) from Animals and Humans.

ABSTRACT: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and non-aureus staphylococci (MRNAS) cause different infections in animals, including mastitis, in livestock and humans. This study aimed to identify and compare the staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) types of MRSA or MRNAS isolated from several animal species and humans in different countries. Of 1462 S. aureus and non-aureus staphylococci, 68 grew on Chrom MRSA ID^® agar, were phenotypically resistant to cefoxitin and tested positive with the PCR for the mecA gene. These 60 MRSA and 8 MRNAS were isolated in Belgium mainly from cows (livestock-associated (LA) MRS) and humans (community-acquired (CA) MRS) and in Japan from dogs and cats. The SCCmec cassettes were identified by multiplex PCR in 52 MRSA and 7 MRNAS and by whole genome sequencing (WGS) in 8 additional MRSA. The SCCmec types IV and V were the most frequent in Belgian LA-MRS and CA-MRS, while the SCCmec type II was identified in four of the five Japanese MRSA. The remaining isolate was a bovine S. haemolyticus in which no SCCmec was identified. These results confirm the high prevalence of the SCCmec types IV and V in LA-MRS and CA-MRS in Belgium, emphasizing the possible public health hazard of the former, and the absence of SCCmec in some MRNAS.

SUBMITTER: Ngassam Tchamba C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7998684 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background and objectivesMRSA became a widely recognized cause of mortality worldwide with necessity of its epidemiological pattern study. Typing of MRSA isolates was performed molecularly based on SCCmec type and relation to resistance pattern was investigated.Materials and methodsOut of 200 clinical specimens, S. aureus was detected phenotypically and confirmed as MRSA by PCR in 124 isolates obtained from associated laboratories of different hospitals of Zagazig, during 2018-2019. Antimicrobial resistance pattern was detected and MRSA SCCmec was typed by two methods.ResultsS. aureus rate was high in wounds, sputum, blood, and urine isolates. Antimicrobial resistance rates against cefotaxime, tetracycline, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, linezolid and vancomycin were 82.3%, 65.3%, 56.4%, 45.1%, 37.1%, 32.3%, 32.3%, 25%, 7.3%, 2.4% and 0%, respectively. Multiplex-PCR(M-PCR) was able to detect SCCmec element among 57% of isolates classified as SCCmec II (n=40), III (n=21), IVa (n=3), IVd (n=2), V(n=1), and four isolates contain both SCCmec II and SCCmec IV. Traditional typing by PCR for mec and ccr gene complexes was almost concordant with M-PCR. Furthermore, it was able to identify SCCmec types VI, IX, and XIV among 1, 3 and 18 isolates, respectively. No Statistical correlation was established between type of cassette and rate of antimicrobial resistance. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that all ccr types were related to each other and no significant variation in the same ccr type of different SCCmec cassettes.ConclusionMost MRSA isolates were MDR reflecting antimicrobials misuse. Detection of various SCCmec types among MRSA isolates indictae the complexity of MRSA epidemiology and increase chance for gene sharing creating new types. The presented investigation was important in understanding MRSA epidemiology and diversity in Egypt providing advice for improving therapeutic protocols.

Project description:We examined the oxacillin resistance phenotype and genomic structure of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements from 77 veterinary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates. Isolates were characterized by oxacillin broth microdilution, whole-genome sequencing, and bioformatics analysis. Five previously described SCCmec elements, and a sixth novel element, were identified: SCCmec III (also known as II-III), ?SCCmec 57395, and SCCmec NA45 (a SCCmec VII variant), all previously described in MRSP, and SCCmec IVg and SCCmec VT, previously described in both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MRSP. The sixth element was novel and found among nine geographically clustered isolates. This novel pseudostaphylococcal cassette chromosome (?SCCmec KW21) contained a class A mec gene complex but lacked ccr genes. It also harbored heavy metal (cadmium) resistance determinants. The median oxacillin MIC values among ?SCCmec KW21, SCCmec III, and SCCmec VT isolates were significantly higher than those determined for the SCCmec NA45 VII variant isolates and ?SCCmec 57395 and SCCmec IVg isolates. ?SCCmec KW21 was found exclusively in sequence type 497 (ST497), an MRSP clone that is locally successful in Victoria, Australia. Future studies are necessary to determine if this clone has disseminated further afield and if ?SCCmec KW21 has moved into other MRSP lineages or staphylococcal species.IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a significant veterinary pathogen and occasional cause of infections in humans. ?-Lactams are an important group of antimicrobials used to treat staphylococcal infections in humans and animals. However, when staphylococci become methicillin resistant via the acquisition of a mobile genetic element called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), they become resistant to all ?-lactams. This study detected a novel SCCmec element among a cluster of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius isolates from animals in Australia. It also detected SCCmec elements in S. pseudintermedius that had high similarity to those identified in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating how human and animal pathogens can share the same resistance determinants.

Dataset Information

Comparison of the Staphylococcal Chromosome Cassette (SCC) mec in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Non-aureus Staphylococci (MRNAS) from Animals and Humans.

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