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Hetero-Porous, High-Surface Area Green Carbon Aerogels for the Next-Generation Energy Storage Applications.

ABSTRACT: Various carbon materials have been developed for energy storage applications to address the increasing energy demand in the world. However, the environmentally friendly, renewable, and nontoxic bio-based carbon resources have not been extensively investigated towards high-performance energy storage materials. Here, we report an anisotropic, hetero-porous, high-surface area carbon aerogel prepared from renewable resources achieving an excellent electrical double-layer capacitance. Two different green, abundant, and carbon-rich lignins which can be extracted from various biomasses, have been selected as raw materials, i.e., kraft and soda lignins, resulting in clearly distinct physical, structural as well as electrochemical characteristics of the carbon aerogels after carbonization. The obtained green carbon aerogel based on kraft lignin not only demonstrates a competitive specific capacitance as high as 163 F g^-1 and energy density of 5.67 Wh kg^-1 at a power density of 50 W kg^-1 when assembled as a two-electrode symmetric supercapacitor, but also shows outstanding compressive mechanical properties. This reveals the great potential of the carbon aerogels developed in this study for the next-generation energy storage applications requiring green and renewable resources, lightweight, robust storage ability, and reliable mechanical integrity.

SUBMITTER: Thomas B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7999108 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:To address the growing energy demands of sustainable development, it is crucial to develop new materials that can improve the efficiency of energy storage systems. Hierarchically structured porous materials have shown their great potential for energy storage applications owing to their large accessible space, high surface area, low density, excellent accommodation capability with volume and thermal variation, variable chemical compositions and well controlled and interconnected hierarchical porosity at different length scales. Porous hierarchy benefits electron and ion transport, and mass diffusion and exchange. The electrochemical behavior of hierarchically structured porous materials varies with different pore parameters. Understanding their relationship can lead to the defined and accurate design of highly efficient hierarchically structured porous materials to enhance further their energy storage performance. In this review, we take the characteristic parameters of the hierarchical pores as the survey object to summarize the recent progress on hierarchically structured porous materials for energy storage. This is the first of this kind exclusively to survey the performance of hierarchically structured porous materials from different porous characteristics. For those who are not familiar with hierarchically structured porous materials, a series of very significant synthesis strategies of hierarchically structured porous materials are firstly and briefly reviewed. This will be beneficial for those who want to quickly obtain useful reference information about the synthesis strategies of new hierarchically structured porous materials to improve their performance in energy storage. The effect of different organizational, structural and geometric parameters of porous hierarchy on their electrochemical behavior is then deeply discussed. We outline the existing problems and development challenges of hierarchically structured porous materials that need to be addressed in renewable energy applications. We hope that this review can stimulate strong intuition into the design and application of new hierarchically structured porous materials in energy storage and other fields.

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Hetero-Porous, High-Surface Area Green Carbon Aerogels for the Next-Generation Energy Storage Applications.

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