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A Molecularly Imprinted Sol-Gel Electrochemical Sensor for Naloxone Determination.

ABSTRACT: A molecularly imprinted sol-gel is reported for selective and sensitive electrochemical determination of the drug naloxone (NLX). The sensor was developed by combining molecular imprinting and sol-gel techniques and electrochemically grafting the sol solution onto a functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube modified indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The sol-gel layer was obtained from acid catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of a solution composed of triethoxyphenylsilane (TEPS) and tetraethoxysilane (TES). The fabrication, structure and properties of the sensing material were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Parameters affecting the sensor's performance were evaluated and optimized. A sensor fabricated under the optimized conditions responded linearly between 0.0 µM and 12 µM NLX, with a detection limit of 0.02 µM. The sensor also showed good run-to-run repeatability and batch-to-batch performance reproducibility with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 2.5-7.8% (n = 3) and 9.2% (n = 4), respectively. The developed sensor displayed excellent selectivity towards NLX compared to structurally similar compounds (codeine, fentanyl, naltrexone and noroxymorphone), and was successfully used to measure NLX in synthetic urine samples yielding recoveries greater than 88%.

SUBMITTER: Shaabani N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8001154 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Sitagliptin is a hypoglycaemic agent used to reduce blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Real time monitoring of sitagliptin levels is crucial to prevent overdose, which might cause liver, kidney and pancreatic diseases. As an alternative solution, a sitagliptin voltammetric sensor was fabricated using artificial receptors called electroactive molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs). The nanoMIP tagged with a redox probe (ferrocene) combines both the recognition and reporting functions. Traditional electrochemical sensors determine the redox activity of an analyte. Thus, they are influenced by interfering molecules and the nature of the sample. These innovative nanoMIPs allow us to easily design and customise sensors, increase their sensitivity and minimise the cross reactivity in biological samples. The present technology replaces the traditional enzyme-mediator pairs used in traditional biosensors. The polymer composition was optimized "in silico" using docking and screening methods. Nanoparticles were synthesized via free radical polymerization and a solid phase method and then characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The specific sitagliptin nanoparticles were covalently immobilized on platinum electrodes via silane and carbodiimide chemistry. The determination of sitagliptin in human plasma by a nanoMIP sensor was assessed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor current response was directly related to the change in nanoMIP conformation triggered by the analyte. The optimisation of the sensor response was made by adjusting (i) the silane concentration, (ii) nanoMIP concentration, and (iii) immobilization time. The sensor measurements in plasma revealed high selectivity and a sensitivity of 32.5 ± 0.6 nA pM-1 towards sitagliptin, and the limit of detection of the fabricated sensor was found to be 0.06 pM. The sensor displayed a satisfactory performance for the determination of sitagliptin in spiked human plasma, demonstrating the potential of this technology for drug monitoring and clinical diagnosis.

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A Molecularly Imprinted Sol-Gel Electrochemical Sensor for Naloxone Determination.

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