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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Exhibit Promising Potential for Treating SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients.

ABSTRACT: The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19 infection. The COVID-19 pandemic represents one of the worst global threats in the 21st century since World War II. This pandemic has led to a worldwide economic recession and crisis due to lockdown. Biomedical researchers, pharmaceutical companies, and premier institutes throughout the world are claiming that new clinical trials are in progress. During the severe phase of this disease, mechanical ventilators are used to assist in the management of outcomes; however, their use can lead to the development of pneumonia. In this context, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes can serve as an immunomodulation treatment for COVID-19 patients. Exosomes possess anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and immunomodulatory properties that can be explored in an effort to improve the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Currently, only one ongoing clinical trial (NCT04276987) is specifically exploring the use of MSC-derived exosomes as a therapy to treat SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia. The purpose of this review is to provide insights of using exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in management of the co-morbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2-infected persons in direction of improving their health outcome. There is limited knowledge of using exosomes in SARS-CoV-2; the clinicians and researchers should exploit exosomes as therapeutic regime.

SUBMITTER: Raghav A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8001291 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background: The therapeutic and protective efects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-exosomes (hucMSC-Exs) on traumatic pancreatitis (TP) remain unknown. Here, we established a rat model of TP and evaluated and compared the therapeutic efects of hucMSC-Exs. Methods: HucMSC-Exs were obtained by ultracentrifugation and identifed using transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis. TP rats were treated by tail vein injection of hUC-MSCs and hucMSC-Exs. Their homing in rats was observed by performing fuorescence microscopy. Rat pancreatic tissue was subjected to high-throughput sequence to determine transcriptome expression levels. The degree of pancreatic tissue damage was assessed by HE staining, the expression levels of amylase, lipase, and infammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA, apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay, and the expression levels of various apoptosis-related proteins were detected by western-blot. The expression levels of apoptosis-related molecular markers were detected by RT-qPCR. Results: The colonization of exosomes was observed in pancreatic tissue. Compared to TP group, the histopathological score of pancreas was signifcantly decreased in the TP+hucMSC-Exs group (P<0.05). Compared to TP group, the activity of serum amylase and lipase was signifcantly decreased (P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were signifcantly decreased, while those of IL-10 and TGF-β were signifcantly increased (P<0.05). The apoptosis index of the TP group was signifcantly increased (P<0.05), whereas that of the TP+hucMSC-Exs groups was signifcantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared to TP group, the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 were signifcantly decreased in the TP+hUC-MSCs group and TP+hucMSC-Exs group (P<0.05). Conclusion: HucMSC-Exs can colonize injured pancreatic tissue, inhibit the apoptosis of acinar cells, and control the systemic infammatory response to facilitate the repair of pancreatic tissue.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Exhibit Promising Potential for Treating SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients.

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