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A Novel Isolate of Bacillus cereus Promotes Growth in Tomato and Inhibits Clavibacter michiganensis Infection under Greenhouse Conditions.

ABSTRACT: The need to produce food in a sustainable way to counteract the effects of excessive use of agrochemicals opens the door to the generation of new technologies that are not based on fossil fuels and are less toxic to ecosystems. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) could represent an alternative to chemical biofertilizers and pesticides offering protection for biotic and abiotic stresses. In this work, a bacterial isolate from roots of castor bean (Ricinus communis) was identified and named as Bacillus cereus strain "Amazcala" (B.c-A). This isolate displayed the ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce gibberellic acid (GA3). Moreover, this bacterium provided significant increases in height, stem width, dry weight, and total chlorophyll content in tomato plants. Interestingly, B.c-A also significantly decreased the severity of bacterial canker disease on tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis (Cmm) in preventive disease assays under greenhouse conditions. Based on our results, B.c-A can be considered as PGPB and a useful tool in Cmm disease control on tomato plant under greenhouse conditions.

SUBMITTER: Solano-Alvarez N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8001772 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Tomato bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is one of the most important seed-borne tomato diseases around the globe. The disease was initially reported in 1993 in Iran, and it became a rising threat for the multibillion dollar tomato industry of the country during the last decade. In this study, using phylogeographic analyses, we determined genetic diversity and geographic distribution of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Iran. Our field surveys showed that the pathogen is expanding into the southern and eastern areas of the country. Furthermore, multilocus sequence analysis and typing (MLSA/MLST) using the sequences of five housekeeping genes (atpD, gyrB, ppk, recA, and rpoB) revealed that 37 C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains isolated in Iran had high genetic diversity and placed in 15 sequence types (STs), while all the available 184 worldwide C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis sequences were placed in 43 STs. MLSA divided the worldwide C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains into two phylogroups (I and II). Among the 37 strains isolated in Iran, 30 strains clustered in phylogroup I, while 7 strains clustered in phylogroup II. Phylogeographic data inferred from the allelic profile of the five housekeeping genes suggested multiple introductions of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis inoculum into Iran, while the geographic origin of the Iranian C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains remains undetermined. Further analyses using higher numbers of strains are warranted to decipher the evolutionary history of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Iran. Additionally, stricter seed/transplant inspections are recommended to reduce the risk of pathogen expansion to areas with no history of the disease.IMPORTANCEClavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the causal agent of tomato bacterial canker disease, is one of the economically important pathogens of solanaceous crops (e.g., eggplant, pepper, and tomato) around the world. The disease occurs in many countries, with a particular importance in regions characterized by high precipitation and humid environmental conditions. As a seed-borne pathogen, C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is included in the A2 (high risk) list of quarantine pathogens by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Bacterial canker disease was reported for the first time in 1993 in Iran, while the geographic distribution, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic position of the causal agent remain undetermined. In this study, using the multilocus sequence analysis and typing (MLSA/MLST) approach, we provided a phylogeographic scheme for the C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains isolated in Iran. Furthermore, global-scale phylogenetic analyses led to determination of phylogenetic position of Iranian C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains among worldwide population of the pathogen. Based on diversity parameters and population structure, we suggest relatively higher genetic diversity of the bacterial canker pathogen in Iran than has so far been observed in the other areas of the world. Results obtained in this study provide a novel insight into the genetic diversity and population structure of the bacterial canker pathogen on a global scale.

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A Novel Isolate of Bacillus cereus Promotes Growth in Tomato and Inhibits Clavibacter michiganensis Infection under Greenhouse Conditions.

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