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Tunable Pseudo-Piezoelectric Effect in Doped Calcium Titanate for Bone Tissue Engineering

ABSTRACT: CaTiO3 is a promising candidate as a pseudo-piezoelectric scaffold material for bone implantation. In this study, pure and magnesium/iron doped CaTiO3 are synthesized by sol-gel method and spark plasma sintering. Energy dispersive X-ray mapping confirm the homogenous distribution of doping elements in sintered samples. High-energy X-ray diffraction investigations reveal that doping of nanostructured CaTiO3 increased the strain and defects in the structure of CaTiO3 compared to the pure one. This led to a stronger pseudo-piezoelectric effect in the doped samples. The charge produced in magnesium doped CaTiO3 due to the direct piezoelectric effect is (2.9 ± 0.1) pC which was larger than the one produced in pure CaTiO3 (2.1 ± 0.3) pC, whereas the maximum charge was generated by iron doped CaTiO3 with (3.6 ± 0.2) pC. Therefore, the pseudo-piezoelectric behavior can be tuned by doping. This tuning of pseudo-piezoelectric response provides the possibility to systematically study the bone response using different piezoelectric strengths and possibly adjust for bone tissue engineering.

SUBMITTER: Riaz A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8003264 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ObjectivesCalcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are promising for dental and craniofacial repairs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop an injectable cell delivery system based on encapsulation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSMSCs) in microbeads; (2) develop a novel tissue engineered construct by dispersing iPSMSC-microbeads in CPC to investigate bone regeneration in an animal model for the first time.MethodsiPSMSCs were pre-osteoinduced for 2 weeks (OS-iPSMSCs), or transduced with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2-iPSMSCs). Cells were encapsulated in fast-degradable alginate microbeads. Microbeads were mixed with CPC paste and filled into cranial defects in nude rats. Four groups were tested: (1) CPC-microbeads without cells (CPC control); (2) CPC-microbeads-iPSMSCs (CPC-iPSMSCs); (3) CPC-microbeads-OS-iPSMSCs (CPC-OS-iPSMSCs); (4) CPC-microbeads-BMP2-iPSMSCs (CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs).ResultsCells maintained good viability inside microbeads after injection. The microbeads were able to release the cells which had more than 10-fold increase in live cell density from 1 to 14 days. The cells exhibited up-regulation of osteogenic markers and deposition of minerals. In vivo, new bone area fraction (mean±SD; n=5) for CPC-iPSMSCs group was (22.5±7.6)%. New bone area fractions were (38.9±18.4)% and (44.7±22.8)% for CPC-OS-iPSMSCs group and CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs group, respectively, 2-3 times the (15.6±11.2)% in CPC control at 12 weeks (p<0.05). Cell-CPC constructs accelerated scaffold resorption, with CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs having remaining scaffold material that was 7-fold less than CPC control.SignificanceNovel injectable CPC-microbead-cell constructs promoted bone regeneration, with OS-iPSMSCs and BMP2-iPSMSCs having 2-3 fold the new bone of CPC control. Cell delivery accelerated scaffold resorption, with CPC-BMP2-iPSMSC having remaining scaffold material that was 7-fold less than CPC control. Therefore, CPC-microbead-iPSMSC is a promising injectable material for orthopedic, dental and craniofacial bone regenerations.

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Tunable Pseudo-Piezoelectric Effect in Doped Calcium Titanate for Bone Tissue Engineering

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