Suicide among Polish Adolescents—A 20 Year Analysis
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Orlewska K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8003452 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:This study examined trends in inequalities in health complaints among early adolescents in Scotland from 1998 to 2018. We analysed data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey conducted in Scotland in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. A self-report questionnaire was administered in schools to a nationally representative sample of 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds (n = 29,250). Health complaints were measured using a scale comprising four psychological symptoms (feeling low, feeling nervous, irritability and sleep difficulties) and four somatic symptoms (headache, backache, stomachache and dizziness). Socio-economic status was measured using the Family Affluence Scale. Between 1998 and 2018, there were significant increases in the proportion of girls and boys reporting feeling low, feeling nervous, sleep difficulties and backache. Prevalence of the eight individual health complaints was higher among girls and adolescents from lower affluence families. Socio-economic inequalities increased over time, such that declines in mental health were greatest among low affluence adolescents. The data show worsening trends in health complaints among Scottish adolescents between 1998 and 2018, particularly for girls and adolescents from low affluence families. Increasing inequalities in mental health highlight the need to address the underlying social and structural determinants of adolescent mental health.
| S-EPMC10067662 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveSuicide is of primary public concern for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who commonly use social media platforms to express their suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Understanding how AYAs communicate their suicide-related thoughts and behaviors in texts can support early detection of suicide risk from their social media posts. Therefore, this study sought to identify themes relevant to suicide risk in AYAs and explore words or terms used by AYAs when they described suicidal thoughts and behaviors.MethodThis secondary data analysis utilized an existing data set collected from 255 AYAs between 12 and 25 years of age, who provided brief descriptions of how they and their peers expressed their experiences of self-harm, suicidal thinking, and attempts. Text analysis was conducted using KH Coder software. Three-step theory of suicide was used to guide a content analysis to explore the key themes from the narratives.ResultsA word co-occurrence network with 24 clusters of words was generated from the text analysis. These word clusters were further grouped into pain or hopelessness, connectedness, and capacity to attempt suicide in the content analysis. Six subthemes corresponding to these three themes were identified to provide detailed information: psychological or physical pain, hopelessness, relationship, help seeking, methods, and outcomes. Moreover, several slang terms and acronyms (e.g., Kermit Sewage Slide, KMS) were also identified.ConclusionsThe findings of this study, including themes and slang terms and acronyms, are valuable to facilitate the use of terms or phrases within social media texts to identify suicide risk in AYAs.
| S-EPMC9362958 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Stress exposure is central to theories of suicide. To advance understanding of the relation between stress and suicide, we examined whether specific, theoretically-pertinent life stressors were differentially related to suicidal thinking versus suicidal behaviors among hospitalized adolescents. Participants were 197 (144 female) adolescents aged 13 to 19 years old (M = 15.61, SD = 1.48) recruited from an acute residential psychiatric treatment program. Participants were categorized into mutually exclusive groups: psychiatric controls (n = 38) with no lifetime history of suicide ideation or suicide attempts, suicide ideators (n = 99) with current ideation and no lifetime attempts, and suicide attempters (n = 60) with a lifetime history of suicide ideation and at least one attempt in the past month. Adolescents completed the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adolescents (Adolescent STRAIN), which assessed life events and chronic difficulties occurring in five social-psychological categories: Interpersonal Loss, Physical Danger, Humiliation, Entrapment, and Role Change/Disruption. Additionally, they completed a structured interview and symptom questionnaires to capture concurrent psychopathology. Controlling for demographic and clinical covariates, only Interpersonal Loss events distinguished attempters from psychiatric controls (OR = 2.27) and ideators (OR = 1.49); no events or difficulties differentiated ideators from controls. These effects persisted when analyses were restricted to single attempters and when events following the most recent attempt were excluded. The findings elucidate potential social-environmental triggers of suicide. Ultimately, this may improve the identification of ideators most likely to make an attempt, enabling the deployment of targeted early interventions.
| S-EPMC6717522 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of this study was to examine the association of the preferred profiles of physical education (PE) classes with gender and school level among Polish adolescents. In the cross-sectional survey study, 1,340 Polish students (including 50% of girls) attending middle and high schools, aged between 13 and 19 years, participated. The participants selected one of four preferred profiles of PE classes. The majority (n = 845, 63%) of students participated in PE for “fun–pleasure–entertainment,” whereas only one third of students (n = 419, 31%) preferred “exercise–sweat–fitness” as a profile of PE classes. The preference for “fun–pleasure–entertainment” decreased about 41% for boys and 31% for high school students. A preference for “exercise–sweat–fitness” increased about 56% for men and 31% for high school students. Teachers should comply with students' preferences related to PE profiles, organizing PE classes in more fun-related forms for girls and in more exercise-related forms for boys. The proportions of these two preferred profiles of PE classes should turn across adolescence, increasing exercise-related forms and decreasing those fun-related ones.
| S-EPMC7527405 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/purposeGraves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis in children and adolescents. There is some debate regarding the optimal treatment and predicting factors of remission or relapse in children and adolescents with GD. In this study, we report a retrospective study of 195 children and adolescents with GD treated at a single tertiary institution in Korea.MethodsThis study included children and adolescents with GD diagnosed before 19 years of age from January of 2000 to October of 2020. The diagnosis of GD was based on clinical features, high thyroxine (FT4), suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone, and a positive titer of thyrotropin receptor antibodies. Remission was defined as maintenance of euthyroid status for more than six months after discontinuing antithyroid drug (ATD).ResultsA total of 195 patients with GD were included in this study. The mean age at diagnosis was 12.9 ± 3.2 years, and 162 patients (83.1%) were female. Among all 195 patients, five underwent thyroidectomy and three underwent radioactive iodine therapy. The mean duration of follow-up and ATD treatment were 5.9 ± 3.8 years and 4.7 ± 3.4 years, respectively. The cumulative remission rates were 3.3%, 19.6%, 34.1%, 43.5%, and 50.6% within 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years of starting ATD, respectively. FT4 level at diagnosis (P = 0.001) was predicting factors for remission [HR, 0.717 (95% CI, 0.591 - 0.870), P = 0.001]. Methimazole (MMI)-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 11.3% of patients, the most common of which were rash and hematologic abnormalities. Of a total of 26 AEs, 19 (73.1%) occurred within the first month of taking MMI.ConclusionsIn this study, the cumulative remission rate increased according to the ATD treatment duration. Long-term MMI treatment is a useful treatment option before definite treatment in children and adolescents with GD.
| S-EPMC8236938 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objectives: To analyze the research hotspots, evolution, and trends of the treatment of liver fibrosis in the recent 20 years, bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis were used. Methods: Publications associated with the treatment of liver fibrosis were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on 16 April 2022. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were calculated to perform bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis. Results: A total of 72,686 authors from 200 institutions in 134 countries/regions published 15,237 studies in different academic journals. United States was the most productive country, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University was the most published institution. Trauner Michael had the most published articles, whereas Scott L. Friedman was the most frequently co-cited author. Moreover, there was frequent inter-institution cooperation between countries in the years 2015 and after, but the before years showed rare inter-institution cooperation. The journal HEPATOLOGY was both the most published publication and the most frequently co-cited one in this field. Screened keywords, such as virus infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC), and hepatocellular apoptosis, could be both therapeutic targets and pathological mechanisms in terms of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, long-term suppression of hepatitis B virus replication and the activation of HSC were the latest hotspots and topics related to the treatment of liver fibrosis. Besides, the treatments of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were also involved in the treatment of liver fibrosis, which were both emerging topics and rapidly developing hot fields. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis conducted a full overview of the treatment of liver fibrosis, which provided important clues and ideas for scholars focusing on this field. Not only that, the field is still in a stage of rapid development and will continue to be a research hotspot in the future.
| S-EPMC9315937 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recent survey data reveal persistent race/ethnic disparities in prevalence of adiposity in U.S. children and adolescents. We examined race/ethnic differentials in time trends in dietary behaviors of Americans 2-19 y of age to understand if these trends track those observed for body weight. We used dietary data from the NHANES 1988-1994, 1999-2002, and 2003-2008 (n = 24,131) to examine changes in reported energy intake, amount of foods and beverages, number of eating occasions, and percent of energy from foods and beverages, among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American 2-19 y olds. Multivariable regression analyses appropriate for complex surveys were used to examine these associations. The secular increase in mean number of eating occasions was significant (P-trend < 0.0001) in all age and race/ethnic groups; however, a corresponding increase in the amount of foods and beverages, or total energy intake was not observed. In non-Hispanic black and Mexican American 2-5 and 12-19 y olds, the secular increase in number of eating occasions, and in non-Hispanic black 12-19 y olds, the increase in percent of energy from all beverages or non-nutritive beverages were greater relative to non-Hispanic whites. In conclusion, the observed race/ethnic differences in trajectory of changes in dietary behaviors over past 20 y were modest and were not accompanied by a significant increase in energy intake. Cautious interpretation is urged due to potential underreporting of dietary intake in national surveys. There was a suggestion of convergence in some race/ethnic differentials in dietary behaviors due to greater relative changes in possibly adverse behaviors in non-Hispanic blacks, especially adolescents.
| S-EPMC3174858 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFew population studies have examined the psychiatric outcomes of children and adolescents in the child welfare system, and no studies have compared outcomes before and after entry into care. Our objective was to assess the relative rate (RR) of suicide, attempted suicide, admission to hospital and visits to physicians' offices among children and adolescents in care compared with those not in care. We also examined these outcomes within the child welfare population before and after entry into care.MethodsWe used population-level data to identify children and adolescents 5 to 17 years of age who were in care in Manitoba for the first time between Apr. 1, 1997, and Mar. 31, 2006, and a comparison cohort not in care. We compared the two cohorts to obtain RRs for the specified outcomes. We also determined RRs within the child welfare population relative to the same population two years before entry into care.ResultsWe identified 8279 children and adolescents in care for the first time and a comparison cohort of 353 050 children and adolescents not in care. Outcome rates were higher among those in care than in the comparison cohort for suicide (adjusted RR 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.11-5.95), attempted suicide (adjusted RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.84-2.43) and all other outcomes. However, adjusted RRs for attempted suicide (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.21-0.34), admissions to hospital and physician visits decreased after entry into care.InterpretationChildren and adolescents in care were at greater risk of suicide and attempting suicide than those who were not in care. Rates of suicide attempts and hospital admissions within this population were highest before entry into care and decreased thereafter.
| S-EPMC3225419 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveAcupuncture has become popular and widely practiced in many countries around the world. Despite the large amount of acupuncture-related literature that has been published, broader trends in the prevalence and scope of acupuncture research remain underexplored. The current study quantitatively analyzes trends in acupuncture research publications in the past 20 years.MethodsA bibliometric approach was used to search PubMed for all acupuncture-related research articles including clinical and animal studies. Inclusion criteria were articles published between 1995 and 2014 with sufficient information for bibliometric analyses. Rates and patterns of acupuncture publication within the 20 year observational period were estimated, and compared with broader publication rates in biomedicine. Identified eligible publications were further analyzed with respect to study type/design, clinical condition addressed, country of origin, and journal impact factor.ResultsA total of 13,320 acupuncture-related publications were identified using our search strategy and eligibility criteria. Regression analyses indicated an exponential growth in publications over the past two decades, with a mean annual growth rate of 10.7%. This compares to a mean annual growth rate of 4.5% in biomedicine. A striking trend was an observed increase in the proportion of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), from 7.4% in 1995 to 20.3% in 2014, exceeding the 4.5% proportional growth of RCTs in biomedicine. Over the 20 year period, pain was consistently the most common focus of acupuncture research (37.9% of publications). Other top rankings with respect to medical focus were arthritis, neoplasms/cancer, pregnancy or labor, mood disorders, stroke, nausea/vomiting, sleep, and paralysis/palsy. Acupuncture research was conducted in 60 countries, with the top 3 contributors being China (47.4%), United States (17.5%), and United Kingdom (8.2%). Retrieved articles were published mostly in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) journals with impact factors ranging between 0.7 and 2.8 in the top 20 journals, followed by journals specializing in neuroscience, pain, anesthesia/analgesia, internal medicine and comprehensive fields.ConclusionAcupuncture research has grown markedly in the past two decades, with a 2-fold higher growth rate than for biomedical research overall. Both the increases in the proportion of RCTs and the impact factor of journals support that the quality of published research has improved. While pain was a consistently dominant research focus, other topics gained more attention during this time period. These findings provide a context for analyzing strengths and gaps in the current state of acupuncture research, and for informing a comprehensive strategy for further advancing the field.
| S-EPMC5156436 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Family physicians play an essential role as gatekeepers in primary health care. However, most studies in the past focused on the geographic maldistribution of family physicians, and few studies focused on the distribution of family physicians between private practices and hospitals. This study aims to analyze the trends in practice locations of family physicians in Taiwan between 1999 and 2018, using the databases of the Taiwan Association of Family Medicine and Taiwan Medical Association. Although the annual number of physicians registered as family physicians had steadily increased from 1876 in 1999 to 3655 in 2018, the ratio of family physicians practicing in hospitals to total family physicians remained stable around 40% in the study period. Even after eliminating the trainees who were entirely registered at hospitals, the proportion of hospital-based family physicians still accounted for about one-third of the total in each year. In conclusion, family physicians had been continuously demanded by hospitals in Taiwan. If the supply of primary care-oriented family physicians is insufficient outside hospitals, health manpower planning would require urgent adjustments.
| S-EPMC8431456 | biostudies-literature