Association of TLR2 haplotypes encoding Q650 with reduced susceptibility to ovine Johne's disease in Turkish sheep.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yaman Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8007707 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Visna/maedi (VM) is a multisystemic lentivirus infection of sheep that affecting sheep industry across the globe. TMEM154 gene has been identified to be a major VM-associated host gene, nevertheless, a recent study showed that the frequency of the VM-resistant TMEM154 haplotypes was very low or absent in indigenous sheep. Thus, the present study was designed to determine other possible co-receptors associated with VM. For this purpose, DRB1 gene, which is renowned for its role in host immune response against various diseases was targeted. A total number of 151 case-control matched pairs were constructed from 2266 serologically tested sheep. A broad range of DRB1 haplotype diversity was detected by sequence-based genotyping. Moreover, a novel 2 bp deletion (del) in the DRB1 intron 1 was identified. For the final statistic, the sheep carrying VM-resistant TMEM154 diplotypes were removed and a McNemar's test with a matched pairs experimental design was conducted. Consequently, it was identified for the first time that the 2 bp del variant is a genetic risk factor for VM (p value 0.002; chi-square 8.31; odds ratio 2.9; statistical power 0.90) in the dominant model. Thus, negative selection for 2 bp del variant could decrease VM infection risk in Turkish sheep.
| S-EPMC8280167 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Visna/Maedi, or ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) as it is known in the United States, is an incurable slow-acting disease of sheep caused by persistent lentivirus infection. This disease affects multiple tissues, including those of the respiratory and central nervous systems. Our aim was to identify ovine genetic risk factors for lentivirus infection. Sixty-nine matched pairs of infected cases and uninfected controls were identified among 736 naturally exposed sheep older than five years of age. These pairs were used in a genome-wide association study with 50,614 markers. A single SNP was identified in the ovine transmembrane protein (TMEM154) that exceeded genome-wide significance (unadjusted p-value 3×10(-9)). Sanger sequencing of the ovine TMEM154 coding region identified six missense and two frameshift deletion mutations in the predicted signal peptide and extracellular domain. Two TMEM154 haplotypes encoding glutamate (E) at position 35 were associated with infection while a third haplotype with lysine (K) at position 35 was not. Haplotypes encoding full-length E35 isoforms were analyzed together as genetic risk factors in a multi-breed, matched case-control design, with 61 pairs of 4-year-old ewes. The odds of infection for ewes with one copy of a full-length TMEM154 E35 allele were 28 times greater than the odds for those without (p-value<0.0001, 95% CI 5-1,100). In a combined analysis of nine cohorts with 2,705 sheep from Nebraska, Idaho, and Iowa, the relative risk of infection was 2.85 times greater for sheep with a full-length TMEM154 E35 allele (p-value<0.0001, 95% CI 2.36-3.43). Although rare, some sheep were homozygous for TMEM154 deletion mutations and remained uninfected despite a lifetime of significant exposure. Together, these findings indicate that TMEM154 may play a central role in ovine lentivirus infection and removing sheep with the most susceptible genotypes may help eradicate OPP and protect flocks from reinfection.
| S-EPMC3266874 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The susceptibility of sheep to scrapie is known to involve, as a major determinant, the nature of the prion protein (PrP) allele, with the VRQ allele conferring the highest susceptibility to the disease. Transgenic mice expressing in their brains three different ovine PrP(VRQ)-encoding transgenes under an endogenous PrP-deficient genetic background were established. Nine transgenic (tgOv) lines were selected and challenged with two scrapie field isolates derived from VRQ-homozygous affected sheep. All inoculated mice developed neurological signs associated with a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) disease and accumulated a protease-resistant form of PrP (PrPres) in their brains. The incubation duration appeared to be inversely related to the PrP steady-state level in the brain, irrespective of the transgene construct. The survival time for animals from the line expressing the highest level of PrP was reduced by at least 1 year compared to those of two groups of conventional mice. With one isolate, the duration of incubation was as short as 2 months, which is comparable to that observed for the rodent TSE models with the briefest survival times. No survival time reduction was observed upon subpassaging of either isolate, suggesting no need for adaptation of the agent to its new host. Overexpression of the transgene was found not to be required for transmission to be accelerated compared to that observed with wild-type mice. Conversely, transgenic mice overexpressing murine PrP were found to be less susceptible than tgOv lines expressing ovine PrP at physiological levels. These data argue that ovine PrP(VRQ) provided a better substrate for sheep prion replication than did mouse PrP. Altogether, these tgOv mice could be an improved model for experimental studies on natural sheep scrapie.
| S-EPMC114313 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOxidative stress is heavily implicated in the pathogenic process of Parkinson's disease. Varying capacity to detoxify radical oxygen species through induction of phase II antioxidant enzymes in substantia nigra may influence disease risk. Here, we hypothesize that variation in NFE2L2 and KEAP1, the genes encoding the two major regulators of the phase II response, may affect the risk of Parkinson's disease.MethodsThe study included a Swedish discovery case-control material (165 cases and 190 controls) and a Polish replication case-control material (192 cases and 192 controls). Eight tag single nucleotide polymorphisms representing the variation in NFE2L2 and three representing the variation in KEAP1 were chosen using HapMap data and were genotyped using TaqMan Allelic Discrimination.ResultsWe identified a protective NFE2L2 haplotype in both of our European case-control materials. Each haplotype allele was associated with five years later age at onset of the disease (p = 0.001) in the Swedish material, and decreased risk of PD (p = 2 x 10(-6)), with an odds ratio of 0.4 (95% CI 0.3-0.6) for heterozygous and 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.4) for homozygous carriers, in the Polish material. The identified haplotype includes a functional promoter haplotype previously associated with high transcriptional activity. Genetic variation in KEAP1 did not show any associations.ConclusionThese data suggest that variation in NFE2L2 modifies the Parkinson's disease process and provide another link between oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.
| S-EPMC2843602 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) plays an important role in energy homeostasis. In this study five separate regions (regions 1 to 5) of ovine ADIPOQ were analysed using PCR-SSCP. Four different PCR-SSCP patterns (A?-D?, A?-D?) were detected in region-1 and region-2, respectively, with seven and six SNPs being revealed. In region-3, three different patterns (A?-C?) and three SNPs were observed. Two patterns (A?-B?, A?-B?) and two and one SNPs were observed in region-4 and region-5, respectively. In total, nineteen SNPs were detected, with five of them in the coding region and two (c.46T/C and c.515G/A) putatively resulting in amino acid changes (p.Tyr16His and p.Lys172Arg). In region-1, -2 and -3 of 316 sheep from eight New Zealand breeds, variants A?, A? and A? were the most common, although variant frequencies differed in the eight breeds. Across region-1 and region-3, nine haplotypes were identified and haplotypes A?-A?, A?-C?, B?-A? and B?-C? were most common. These results indicate that the ADIPOQ gene is polymorphic and suggest that further analysis is required to see if the variation in the gene is associated with animal production traits.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Cervicitis is one of the major health problems amongst women caused by infection of various pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) as well as human papillomavirus (HPV), and persistent cervical inflammation is one of the etiologic agents of cervical cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the recognition and subsequent elimination of these pathogens. Variations in the Toll-like receptor genes influence susceptibility to pathogens as well as disease progression independently. METHODS:Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms, five each of TLR4 and TLR9 genes were analyzed among 130 cervicitis patients and 150 controls either using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism or allele specific-PCR. RESULTS:T. vaginalis infection was found at the highest frequency (30.7%) as compared to C. trachomatis (1.5%), N. gonorrhoeae (2.3%) and HPV (4.6%) infections in cervicitis patients. TLR4 rs11536889 CC (age-adjusted OR, 2.469 [95% CI, 1.499 to 4.065]; p < 0.001) and TLR9 rs187084 TC (age-adjusted OR, 2.165 [95% CI, 1.267-3.699]; p = 0.005) genotypes showed the higher distribution in cervicitis patients compared to controls. In addition, TLR4 rs11536889 C allele was shown to increase the risk of cervicitis (age-adjusted OR, 1.632 [95% CI, 1.132 to 2.352]; p = 0.009) compared to controls. The TLR4 haplotype GCA (OR, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.38-0.95]; p = 0.0272) and TLR9 haplotype GTA (OR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.14-3.48]; p = 0.014) were found to be associated with decreased and increased risk of cervicitis respectively. CONCLUSIONS:TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphisms, as well as haplotypes were shown to modulate the cervicitis risk.
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Project description:Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR genes may serve as a crucial marker for early susceptibility of various cancers including cervical cancer. The present study was therefore designed to ascertain the role of TLR4 and TLR9 SNPs and haplotypes to hrHPV infection and cervical cancer susceptibility. The study included 110 cervical cancer biopsies and 141 cervical smears from age-matched healthy controls of Gujarati ethnicity of Western India. hrHPV 16 and 18 were detected using Real-time PCR. Eight SNPs, four each in TLR4 and TLR9 were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Allele-Specific PCR. HPV 16 and 18 were detected in 68% cervical cancer cases. TLR4 rs4986790, rs1927911 and TLR9 rs187084 showed association with HPV 16/18 infection. CC and CT genotypes of TLR4 rs11536889 and rs1927911 respectively, and TC, CC genotypes of TLR9 rs187084, as well as minor alleles of TLR4 rs4986790 and TLR9 rs187084, were associated with the increased risk of cervical cancer. Stage-wise analysis revealed TLR9 rs187084 and rs352140 to be associated with early-stage cancer. TLR4 haplotype GTAC and TLR9 haplotype GATC were associated with the increased risk of cervical cancer while TLR4 haplotype GCAG was associated with the decreased risk. TLR4 haplotype GCAG and TLR9 haplotype GATC showed association with increased susceptibility to hrHPV infection. In conclusion, the present study revealed association of TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphisms and haplotypes with hrHPV infection and cervical cancer risk. Further evaluation of a larger sample size covering diverse ethnic populations globally is warranted.
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Project description:Chlamydia trachomatis infections demonstrate remarkable differences in clinical course that are approximately 40% based on host genetic variation. Here, we study the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their haplotypes in TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 (TLR2 +2477G>A; TLR2 -16934T>A; TLR4+896A>G; TLR9 -1237T>C and TLR9 +2848G>A) in relation to the susceptibility to, and severity of C. trachomatis infections. We analysed the five SNPs in a cohort of 770 Dutch Caucasian women either attending a sexually transmitted diseases outpatient clinic (n = 731) or having complaints of subfertility (n = 39). Haplotype analyses showed a trend for TLR2 haplotype I (-16934T/+2477G) to protect against the development of symptoms and tubal pathology (Ptrend = 0.03) after Chlamydia infection. In the susceptibility cohort, TLR9 haplotype III (-1237C/+2848A) showed a significant decreasing trend in the development of symptoms after C. trachomatis infection (P = 0.02, OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.33-0.91). Logistic regression of the TLR2 haplotypes, TLR4+896A>G, and TLR9 haplotypes showed that the TLR2 haplotype combinations AG-TA and AG-TG confer risk (OR 3.4 (P = 0.01) and 1.6 (P = 0.03)), while the TLR9 haplotype combination TG-TA protects against C. trachomatis infections (OR: 0.4, P = 0.004). Our study shows that both TLR2 and TLR9 genes and SNP combinations do influence the clinical course of Chlamydia infections.
| S-EPMC4882084 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of the present study was to assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Calpain (CAPN) gene with birth weight (BW), final weight (FW) and average daily gain (ADG) in three Egyptian sheep breeds: Barki, Rahmani and Ossimi. Blood samples were collected from 108 animals representing the three breeds. DNA was isolated using salting out procedure and then the quality and quantity of DNA extracted were measured. A 190 bp of CAPN was amplified by PCR using specific primers. The allele and genotype frequencies for all the identified SNPs were calculated. The PCR products corresponding to each genotype were sequenced to identify SNPs associated with the traits in question. Two SNPs (C?T) were detected in the nucleotides 44 and 154. For each SNP, the two mentioned alleles were named C and T, respectively. The sequenced CAPN segments were subjected to nucleotide blast at NCBI, which revealed 99% identity with that reported for sheep in Genbank. The TT was the least common genotype, whereas frequencies of CT and CC genotypes were fluctuated in the three sheep breeds under study. Animal carrier TT genotype had higher BW, FW and ADG than those with CT genotype, while the lowest values were associated with CC genotype. For the three traits under study, Rahmani had the highest estimates followed by Ossimi and Barki. Males exhibited heavier BW and FW as well as higher ADG compared with females. The results generated provide preliminary indication of the functional diversity present in Barki, Rahmani and Ossimi sheep and the possibility of using this polymorphism in Egyptian sheep genetic improvement.
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Project description:Adiponectin plays an important role in energy homeostasis and metabolism in mammalian adipose tissue. In this study, the relationship between adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) haplotypes and variation in growth and carcass traits in New Zealand (NZ) Romney lambs was investigated using General Linear Models (GLMs). Eight haplotypes were found in these lambs and they were composed of the four previously reported promoter fragment sequences (A?-D?) and three previously reported intron 2-exon 3 sequences (A?-C?). The frequencies of the haplotypes ranged from 0.07% to 45.91%. The presence of A?-A? was associated with a decreased pre-weaning growth rate (p = 0.037), and decreased leg lean-meat yield (p = 0.001), loin lean-meat yield (p = 0.018) and total lean-meat yield (p = 0.004). The presence of A?-C? was associated with increased carcass fat depth over the 12th rib (V-GR; p = 0.001) and a decreased proportion of loin lean-meat yield (p = 0.045). The presence of B?-A? was associated with an increased proportion of leg lean-meat yield (p = 0.016) and proportion of shoulder lean-meat yield (p = 0.030). No associations were found with birth weight, tailing weight and weaning weight. These results suggest that ovine ADIPOQ may have value as a genetic marker for NZ Romney sheep breeding.
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